tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28198909196460800712024-02-21T03:54:23.328-08:00Lenin's Collected WorksUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger14125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2819890919646080071.post-55055461184907415822017-10-28T12:48:00.001-07:002017-10-28T12:48:08.939-07:00Collected Works<b></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%201.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 1</span></a><br /><br />1893-1894<br /><br /><br />(3.4 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%201-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%202.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 2</span></a><br /><br />1895-1897<br /><br /><br />(3.8 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%202-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%203.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 3</span></a><br /><br />Development of<br />Capitalism Russia<br />(1896-1899)<br />(4.2 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%203-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%204.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 4</span></a><br /><br />1898-<br />April 1901<br /><br />(7.2 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%204-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%205.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 5</span></a><br /><br />May 1901-<br />February 1902<br /><br />(4.0 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%205-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%206.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 6</span></a><br /><br />January 1902-<br />August 1903<br /><br />(2.2 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%206-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%207.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 7</span></a><br /><br />September 1903-<br />December 1904<br /><br />(2.5 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%207-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%208.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 8</span></a><br /><br />January-<br />July 1905<br /><br />(2.2 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%208-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%209.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 9</span></a><br /><br />June-<br />November 1905<br /><br />(2.6 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%209-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2010.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 10</span></a><br /><br />November 1905-<br />June 1906<br /><br />(2.6 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2010-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2011.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 11</span></a><br /><br />June 1906-<br />January 1907<br /><br />(2.3 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2011-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2012.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 12</span></a><br /><br />January-<br />June 1907<br /><br />(2.3 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2012-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2013.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 13</span></a><br /><br />June 1907-<br />April 1908<br /><br />(2.5 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2013-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2014.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 14</span></a><br /><br />Materialism and<br />Empirio-criticism<br />(1908)<br />(1.6 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2014-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2015.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 15</span></a><br /><br />March 1908-<br />August 1909<br /><br />(2.8 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2015-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2016.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 16</span></a><br /><br />September 1909-<br />December 1910<br /><br />(2.9 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2016-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2017.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 17</span></a><br /><br />December 1910-<br />April 1912<br /><br />(2.2 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2017-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2018.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 18</span></a><br /><br />April 1912-<br />March 1913<br /><br />(2.8 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2018-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2019.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 19</span></a><br /><br />March-<br />December 1913<br /><br />(3 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2019-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2020.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 20</span></a><br /><br />December 1913-<br />August 1914<br /><br />(3.2 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2020-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2021.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 21</span></a><br /><br />August 1914-<br />December 1915<br /><br />(2.6 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2021-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2022.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 22</span></a><br /><br />December 1915-<br />July 1916<br /><br />(2.3 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2022-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2023.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 23</span></a><br /><br />August 1916-<br />March 1917<br /><br />(2.6 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2023-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2024.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 24</span></a><br /><br />April-<br />June 1917<br /><br />(2.9 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2024-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2025.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 25</span></a><br /><br />June-<br />September 1917<br /><br />(2.8 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2025-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2026.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 26</span></a><br /><br />September 1917-<br />February 1918<br /><br />(3.3 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2026-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2027.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 27</span></a><br /><br />February-<br />July 1918<br /><br />(3.9 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2027-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2028.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 28</span></a><br /><br />July 1918-<br />March 1919<br /><br />(2.9 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2028-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2029.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 29</span></a><br /><br />March-<br />August 1919<br /><br />(2.7 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2029-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2030.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 30</span></a><br /><br />September 1919-<br />April 1920<br /><br />(3.6 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2030-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2031.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 31</span></a><br /><br />April-<br />December 1920<br /><br />(3.3 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2031-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2032.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 32</span></a><br /><br />December 1920-<br />August 1921<br /><br />(2.9 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2032-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2033.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 33</span></a><br /><br />August 1921-<br />March 1923<br /><br />(2.3 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2033-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2034.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 34</span></a><br /><br />Letters<br />November 1895-<br />November 1911<br />(2.4 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2034-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2035.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 35</span></a><br /><br />Letters<br />February 1912-<br />December 1922<br />(5.8 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2035-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2036.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 36</span></a><br /><br />1900-1923<br />Letter to Congress<br />Quest. Nationalities<br />(2.5 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2036-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2037.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 37</span></a><br /><br />Letters to<br />Relatives,<br />1893-1922<br />(8.2 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2037-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2038.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 38</span></a><br /><br />Philosophical<br />Notebooks<br />(1895-1916)<br />(3.7 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2038-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2039.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 39</span></a><br /><br />Notebooks on<br />Imperialism<br /><br />(5.6 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2039-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2040.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 40</span></a><br /><br />Notebooks on the<br />Agrarian Question<br />1900-1916<br />(3.2 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2040-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2041.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 41</span></a><br /><br />1896-<br />October 1917<br /><br />(2.6 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2041-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2042.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 42</span></a><br /><br />October 1922-<br />March 1923<br /><br />(2.6 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2042-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2043.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 43<span> </span></span></a><br /><br />December 1893-<br />October 1917<br /><br />(3.4 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2043-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2044.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 44</span></a><br /><br />October 1917-<br />December 1920<br /><br />(2.5 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2044-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2045.pdf"><span style="color: red;">Volume 45</span></a><br /><br />December 1920-<br />March 1923<br /><br />(3.4 mb)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/Lenin%20CW-Vol.%2045-TC.pdf"><span style="color: green;">Table of Contents</span></a></span></b></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2819890919646080071.post-92171593360512681792017-10-27T16:51:00.000-07:002017-10-27T16:51:20.728-07:00The Reactionary Character of Romanticism<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiatcnNtQ5mdW-4ZZ3SIpXKb8oXJxAePnuS9QQWsOqUhchXX-FlHiDw4tjuQNX368xhRHma54wXIgSpNQslRzFKZFcAdoTg1PPxgZdD6opKom-A-RN85z21fSxCzheqvngRns0YYWEj8Qg/s1600/vladimir-lenin_10-t.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="282" data-original-width="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiatcnNtQ5mdW-4ZZ3SIpXKb8oXJxAePnuS9QQWsOqUhchXX-FlHiDw4tjuQNX368xhRHma54wXIgSpNQslRzFKZFcAdoTg1PPxgZdD6opKom-A-RN85z21fSxCzheqvngRns0YYWEj8Qg/s1600/vladimir-lenin_10-t.jpg" /></a></div>
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It goes without saying that Sismondi could not but realise how actual development was proceeding. Therefore, in demanding “encouragement for small farming” (II, 355), he plainly said that it was necessary “to direct agriculture along a road diametrically opposite to that which it is following in England today” (II, 354–55).[1]</div>
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“Happily, England possesses means for doing a great deal for her rural poor by dividing among them her vast common lands (ses immenses communaux ). . . . If her common lands were divided up into free allotments (en propriêtês franches ) of twenty to thirty acres they” (the English) “would see the revival of that proud and independent class of countrymen, the yeomanry,[2] whose almost complete extinction they now deplore” (II, 357-58).</div>
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The “plans” of romanticism are depicted as very easily realisable—precisely because they ignore real interests, and this is the essence of romanticism. “Such a proposal” (to allot small plots of land to day labourers and to impose the duty of guardianship over the latter upon the landowners) “will probably rouse the indignation of the big landowners, who alone enjoy legislative power today in England; nevertheless, it is a just one. . . . The big landowners alone need the services of day labourers; they created them—let them, therefore, maintain them” (II, 357).</div>
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One is not surprised to read such naïve things written at the beginning of the century: the “theory” of romanticism conforms to the primitive state of capitalism in general, which conditioned such a primitive point of view. At that time there was still conformity between the actual development of capitalism—the theoretical conception of it—and the attitude towards capitalism, and Sismondi, at all events, appears as a writer who is consistent and true to himself.</div>
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“We have already shown,” says Sismondi, “the protection that this class” (i.e., the class of artisans) “once found in the establishment of guilds and corporations (des jurandes et des maïtrises ). . . . We are not proposing that their strange and restrictive organisation should be restored. . . . But the legislator should set himself the aim of increasing the reward for industrial labour, of extricating those engaged in industry from the precarious (prêcaire ) position in which they are living and, finally, of making it easier for them to acquire what they call a status[3] (un êtat ). . . . Today, the workers are born and die workers, whereas formerly, the status of worker was merely the preliminary stage, the first rung to a higher status. It is this ability to advance (cette facultê progressive ) that it is important to restore. Employers must be given an incentive to promote their workers to a higher status; to arrange it so that a man who hires himself to work in a manufactory shall actually start by working simply for wages, but that he should always have the hope, provided his conduct is good, of sharing in the profits of the enterprise” (II, 344-45).</div>
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It would be difficult to express the viewpoint of the petty bourgeois more strikingly! The guilds are Sismondi’s ideal, and the reservation he makes about the undesirability of restoring them obviously means only that the principle, the idea of the guilds should be taken (exactly as the Narodniks want to take the principle, the idea of the village community, and not the contemporary fiscal association called the village community) and that its monstrous medieval features should be discarded. The absurdity of Sismondi’s plan is not his wholesale defence of the guilds, nor his wanting to restore them in their entirety—he did not set out to do that. The absurdity lies in his making his model an association which arose out of the local artisans’ narrow, primitive need for organisation, and wanted to apply this yardstick, this model, to capitalist society, whose organising, socialising element is large-scale machine industry, which breaks down medieval barriers and obliterates differences of place, origin and trade. Appreciating the need for association, for organisation in general, in one form or another, the romanticist takes as a model the association which satisfied the narrow need for organisation in patriarchal, immobile society, and wants to apply it to a totally transformed society, a society with a mobile population, and with labour socialised within the bounds not of a village community, or a corporation, but of a whole country, and even beyond the bounds of a single country.[4]</div>
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It is this mistake that quite justly earns for the romanticist the designation of reactionary, although this term is not used to indicate a desire simply to restore medieval institutions, but the attempt to measure the new society with the old patriarchal yardstick, the desire to find a model in the old order and traditions, which are totally unsuited to the changed economic conditions.</div>
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Ephrucy understood nothing of this circumstance. He understood the characterisation of Sismondi’s theory as reactionary in the crude, vulgar sense. Ephrucy was abashed. . . . What do you mean? he argued, how can Sismondi be called a reactionary when he plainly says that he does not want to restore the guilds? And Ephrucy decided that it was unfair to “accuse” Sismondi of being “retrogressive,” that, on the contrary, Sismondi’s attitude “to the guild organisation was correct” and that he “fully appreciated its historical importance” (No. 7, p. 147), as has been proved, he says, by the historical researches of such and such professors into the good sides of the guild organisation.</div>
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Quasi-scientific writers often possess an amazing ability not to see the wood for the trees! Sismondi’s point of view on the guilds is characteristic and important precisely because he links his practical proposals with them.[5] That is why his theory is described as reactionary. But Ephrucy begins to talk without rhyme or reason about modern historical works on the guilds!</div>
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The result of these inappropriate and quasi-scientific arguments was that Ephrucy by-passed the very substance of the question, namely: is it or is it not fair to describe Sismondi’s theory as reactionary? He overlooked the very thing that is most important—Sismondi’s point of view. “I have been accused,” says Sismondi, “of being an enemy of social progress in political economy, a partisan of barbarous and coercive institutions. No, I do not want what has already been, but I want something better than the present. I can not judge the present otherwise than by comparing it with the past, but I am far from wishing to restore the old ruins when I refer to them in order to demonstrate the eternal needs of society” (II, 433). The wishes of the romanticists are very good (as are those of the Narodniks). Their recognition of the contradictions of capitalism places them above the blind optimists who deny the existence of these contradictions. And it is not because he wanted to return to the Middle Ages that he was regarded as a reactionary, but because, in his practical proposals, he “compared the present with the past” and not with the future; because he “demonstrated the eternal needs of society”[6] by referring to “ruins” and not by referring to the trends of modern development; It was this petty-bourgeois viewpoint of Sismondi’s which sharply distinguishes him from the other authors, who also demonstrated, in his time and after, the “eternal needs of society,” that Ephrucy failed to understand.</div>
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This mistake of Ephrucy’s was due to the very same narrow interpretation of the terms “petty-bourgeois” doctrine and “reactionary” doctrine referred to above in connection with the first of these terms. They by no means imply the selfish greed of the small shopkeeper, or a desire to halt social development, to turn back: they simply indicate the given author’s mistaken point of view, his limited understanding and narrow outlook, which prompt the choice of means (for the achievement of very good aims) that cannot be effective in practice, and that can satisfy only the small producer or be of service to the defenders of the past. Sismondi, for example, is not at all a fanatical advocate of small proprietorship. He understands the need for organisation and for association no less than our contemporary Narodniks do. He expresses the wish that “half the profits” of industrial enterprises should be “distributed among the associated workers” (II, 346). He openly advocates a “system of association” under which all the “achievements of production benefit the one engaged in it” (II, 438). In speaking of the relation between his doctrine and the doctrines, then well known, of Owen, Fourier, Thompson and Muiron, Sismondi says: “I, like they, want to see association instead of mutual opposition among those who produce a given article in common. But I do not think that the means which they proposed for the achievement of this object could ever lead to it” (II, 365).</div>
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The difference between Sismondi and these authors is precisely one of viewpoint. It is quite natural, therefore, that Ephrucy, who does not understand this viewpoint, should completely misinterpret Sismondi’s attitude to these authors.</div>
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“That Sismondi exercised too little influence upon his contemporaries,” we read in Russkoye Bogatstvo, No. 8, p. 57, “that the social reforms he proposed were not put into effect, is due mainly to the fact that he was a long way ahead of his time. He wrote at a time when the bourgeoisie was enjoying its honeymoon. . . . Naturally, under these circumstances, the voice of a man who was demanding social reforms could not but remain a voice crying in the wilderness. But we know that posterity has not treated him much better. This, perhaps, is due to Sismondi’s having been, as we have already said above, an author who wrote in a transitional period; although he wanted big changes, he could not completely discard the past. Moderate people therefore thought he was too radical, whereas in the opinion of the representatives of more extreme trends, he was too moderate.”</div>
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Firstly, to say that Sismondi was “ahead of his time” with the reforms he proposed indicates a complete misunderstanding of the very substance of the doctrine of Sismondi, who himself stated that he compared the present with the past. One must indeed be infinitely short-sighted (or in finitely partial to romanticism) to overlook the general spirit and general significance of Sismondi’s theory only because Sismondi favoured factory legislation,[7] and so forth.</div>
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Secondly, Ephrucy thus assumes that the difference between Sismondi and the other authors is only in the degree of radicalness of the reforms they proposed: they went further, but he did not entirely discard the past.</div>
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That is not the point. The difference between Sismondi and these authors is a much deeper one—it is not that some went further and others were timid,[8] but that they regarded the very character of reforms from two diametrically opposite points of view. Sismondi demonstrated the “eternal needs of society.” So, too, did these authors. Sismondi was a utopian, he based his proposals on an abstract idea and not on real interests. So were these authors; they also based their plans on an abstract idea. But it was the character of their respective plans that differed entirely, because they regarded modern economic development, which presented the question of “eternal needs,” from diametrically opposite angles. The authors referred to anticipated the future; with the foresight of genius they divined the trend that would be taken by the “break-up” which the machine industry of that period was effecting before their eyes. They looked in the direction in which development was in fact proceeding; they, indeed, were ahead of that development. Sismondi, however, turned his back on this development; his utopia did not anticipate the future, but restored the past; he did not look forward, he looked backward, and dreamed of “stopping the break-up,” that very “break-up” from which the authors mentioned deduced their utopias.[9] That is why Sismondi’s utopia is regarded—and quite rightly—as reactionary. The grounds for this characterisation, we repeat once again, are merely that Sismondi did not understand the progressive significance of that “break-up” of the old semi-medieval, patriarchal social relations in the West European countries which at the end of last century large-scale machine industry began to effect.</div>
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This specific viewpoint of Sismondi’s can be discerned even in his arguments about “association” in general. “I want,” he says, “the ownership of the manufactories (la propriêtê des manufactures) to be shared among a large number of medium capitalists, and not concentrated in the hands of one man who owns many millions. . .” (II, 365). The viewpoint of the petty bourgeois is still more strikingly reflected in the following utterance: “Not the poor class, but the day-labourer class should be abolished; it should be brought back to the propertied class” (II, 308) To be “brought back” to the propertied class—these words express the sum and substance of Sismondi’s doctrine!</div>
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It goes without saying that Sismondi himself must have felt that his fine wishes were impracticable, he must have been conscious that they were incompatible with the contemporary conflict of interests. “The task of reuniting the interests of those who associate in the same process of production (qui concourent à la même production ). . . is undoubtedly a difficult one, but I do not think this difficulty is as great as is supposed” (II, 450).[10] The consciousness of this incompatibility of his desires and aspirations and the actual conditions and their development naturally stimulates the desire to prove that it is “not yet too late. . . to go back,” and so forth. The romanticist tries to base himself upon the undeveloped state of the contradictions of the existing system, upon the backwardness of the country. “The nations have won a system of freedom into which we have entered” (this refers to the fall of feudalism); “but at the time they destroyed the yoke that they had borne for so long, the labourers (les hommes de peine ) were not bereft of all property. In the rural districts they possessed land for a half share in the crops, were chinsh peasants (censitaires),[17] and tenant farmers (ils se trouverent associês à la propriêtê du sol ). In the towns, as members of corporations and trade guilds (mêtiers ) which they formed for mutual protection, they were independent tradesmen (ils se trouverent associês à la propriêtê de leur industrie ). Only in our days, only in the most recent times (c’est dans ce moment même) is the progress of wealth and competition breaking up all these associations. But this break-up (rêvolution) is not yet half accomplished” (II, 437).</div>
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“True, only one nation is in this unnatural position today; only in one nation do we see this permanent contrast between apparent wealth (richesse apparente ) and the frightful poverty of a tenth of the population, which is forced to live on public charity. But this nation, so worthy of emulation in other respects, so dazzling even in its errors, has, by its example, tempted all the statesmen of the Continent. And if these reflections cannot now benefit her, I shall at least, I think, render a service to mankind and to my fellow countrymen by pointing to the danger of the path she is following, and by showing from her own experience that to base political economy on the principle of unrestricted competition means to sacrifice the interests of mankind to the simultaneous operation of all personal passions” (II, 368).[11] That is how Sismondi concludes his Nouveaux Principes.</div>
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The general significance of Sismondi and of his theory was distinctly formulated by Marx in the following comment, which first outlines the conditions of West-European economic life that gave rise to such a theory (and did so exactly at the time when capitalism was only just beginning to create large-scale machine industry there), and then gives an appraisal of it.[12]</div>
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“The medieval burgesses and the small peasant proprietors were the precursors of the modern bourgeoisie. In those countries which are but little developed, industrially and commercially, these two classes still vegetate side by side with the rising bourgeoisie.</div>
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“In countries where modern civilisation has become fully developed, a new class of petty bourgeois has been formed, fluctuating between proletariat and bourgeoisie and ever renewing itself as a supplementary part of bourgeois society. The individual members of this class, however, are being constantly hurled down into the proletariat by the action of competition, and, as modern industry develops, they even see the moment approaching when they will completely disappear as an independent section of modern society, to be replaced, in manufactures, agriculture and commerce, by overlookers, bailiffs and shopmen.</div>
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“In countries like France, where the peasants constitute far more than half of the population, it was natural that writers who sided with the proletariat against the bourgeoisie should use, in their criticism of the bourgeois regime, the standard of the peasant and petty bourgeois, and from the standpoint of these intermediate classes should take up the cudgels for the working class. Thus arose petty-bourgeois Socialism. Sismondi was the head of this school, not only in France but also in England.</div>
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“This doctrine dissected with great acuteness the contradictions in the conditions of modern production. It laid bare the hypocritical apologies of economists. It proved, incontrovertibly, the disastrous effects of machinery and division of labour; the concentration of capital and land in a few hands; overproduction and crises; it pointed out the inevitable ruin of the petty bourgeois and peasant, the misery of the proletariat, the anarchy in production, the crying inequalities in the distribution of wealth, the industrial war of extermination between nations, the dissolution of old moral bonds, of the old family relations, of the old nationalities.[13]</div>
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“In its positive aims, however, this form of Socialism aspires either to restoring the old means of production and of exchange, and with them the old property relations, and the old society, or to cramping the modern means of production and of exchange, within the framework of the old property relations that have been, and were bound to be, exploded by those means. In either case, it is both reactionary and utopian.</div>
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“Its last words are: corporate guilds for manufacture; patriarchal relations in agriculture.”[14]</div>
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We tried to prove that this description is correct as we examined each separate item of Sismondi’s doctrine. Here let us merely note the curious trick employed by Ephrucy to crown all the blunders he made in his exposition, criticism and appraisal of romanticism. The reader will remember that at the very beginning of his article (in Russkoye Bogatstvo, No. 7), Ephrucy stated that it was “unfair” and “incorrect” to include Sismondi among the reactionaries and utopians (loc. cit., p. 138). To prove this thesis Ephrucy firstly contrived to say nothing at all about the main thing—the connection between Sismondi’s point of view and the position and interests of a special class in capitalist society, the small producers; secondly, in examining the various tenets of Sismondi’s theory Ephrucy in part presented his attitude to modern theory in a totally wrong light, as we have shown above, and in part, simply ignored the modern theory and defended Sismondi with references to German scholars who “went no further” than Sismondi; thirdly and lastly, Ephrucy was pleased to sum up his appraisal of Sismondi in the following way: “Our (!) opinion of the importance of Simonde de Sismondi,” he says, “we can (!!) sum up in the following words” of a German economist (Russkoye Bogatstvo, No. 8, p. 57), and then follows the passage indicated above, i.e., only a part of the characterisation given by that economist; but the part which explains the connection between Sismondi’s theory and a special class in modern society, and the part where the final conclusion is drawn that Sismondi is reactionary and utopian, are omitted! More than that. Ephrucy did not confine himself to taking a fragment of the comment, which gives no idea of the comment as a whole, and thereby presenting this economist’s attitude towards Sismondi in a totally wrong light; he tried, further, to embellish Sismondi, while pretending that he was merely conveying the opinion of that economist.</div>
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“Let us add to this,” says Ephrucy, “that in some of his theoretical views, Sismondi is the predecessor of the most outstanding modern economists[15] : let us recall his views on revenue from capital and on crises, his classification of national revenue, and so forth” (ibid.). Thus, instead of supplementing this German economist’s reference to Sismondi’s merits with the same economist’s reference to Sismondi’s petty-bourgeois point of view, and to the reactionary character of his utopia, Ephrucy supplements the list of Sismondi’s merits with precisely those parts of his theory (such as his “classification of the national revenue”) which, in the opinion of this same economist, contain not a single scientific word.</div>
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We may be told: Ephrucy may not in the least share the opinion that the explanation of economic doctrines must be sought in economic reality; he may be profoundly convinced that A. Wagner’s theory of the “classification of the national revenue” is the “most outstanding” theory. We are quite willing to believe this. But what right had he to flirt with the theory which the Narodnik gentlemen are so fond of saying they “agree” with, when in fact, he completely misunderstood that theory’s attitude to Sismondi, and did everything possible (and even impossible) to present this attitude in a totally wrong light?</div>
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We would not have devoted so much space to this question had it concerned only Ephrucy—an author whose name we meet in Narodnik literature perhaps for the first time. It is not Ephrucy’s personality, nor even his views, that are important for us, but the Narodniks’ attitude in general towards the theory of the famous German economist which, they claim, they agree with. Ephrucy is by no means an exception. On the contrary, his is quite a typical case, and to prove this we have throughout drawn a parallel between Sismondi’s viewpoint and theory and Mr. N.-on’s viewpoint and theory.[16] The similarity proved to be complete: the theoretical views, the viewpoint regarding capitalism, and the character of the practical conclusions and proposals of both authors proved to be identical. And as Mr. N.-on’s views may be described as the last word in Narodism, we have a right to conclude that the economic theory of the Narodniks is but a Russian variety of European romanticism.</div>
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It goes without saying that Russia’s specific historic and economic features, on the one hand, and her incomparably greater backwardness, on the other, lend Narodism particularly marked distinctive features. But these distinctions are no more than those between varieties within the same species and, therefore, do not disprove the similarity between Narodism and petty-bourgeois romanticism.</div>
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Perhaps the most outstanding and striking distinction is the effort the Narodnik economists make to disguise their romanticism by stating that they “agree” with modern theory and by referring to it as often as possible, although this theory sharply disapproves of romanticism and has grown up in the course of a fierce struggle against petty-bourgeois doctrines of every variety.</div>
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The analysis of Sismondi’s theory is of special interest precisely because it provides an opportunity to examine the general methods used in wearing this disguise.</div>
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We have seen that both romanticism and the modern theory indicate the same contradictions existing in contemporary social economy. The Narodniks take advantage of this when they point to the fact that modern theory recognises the contradictions which manifest themselves in crises, in the quest for a foreign market, in the growth of production simultaneously with a decline in consumption, in protective tariffs, in the harmful effects of machine industry, and so on, and so forth. And the Narodniks are quite right: modern theory does indeed recognise all thesecontradictions, which romanticism also recognised. But the question is: has a single Narodnik ever asked wherein lies the difference between the scientific analysis of these contradictions, which reduces them to the different interests that spring from the present system of economy, and the utilisation of these references to contradictions merely in order to utter good wishes? No, we do not find a single Narodnik who has examined this question of the difference between the modern theory and romanticism. The Narodniks likewise utilise their references to contradictions merely in order to utter good wishes.</div>
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The next question is: has a single Narodnik ever asked wherein lies the difference between the sentimental criticism of capitalism and the scientific, dialectical criticism of it? Not one of them has raised this question of the second major difference between modern theory and romanticism. Not one of them has considered it necessary to use the present development of social and economic relations as the criterion of his theories (yet it is the application of this criterion that constitutes the chief distinguishing feature of scientific criticism).</div>
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And the last question is: has a single Narodnik ever asked wherein lies the difference between the viewpoint of romanticism, which idealises small production and bewails the “break-up” of its foundations by “capitalism,” and the viewpoint of the modern theory, which takes large-scale capitalist machine production as its point of departure and proclaims this “break-up of foundations” to be progressive? (We employ this generally accepted Narodnik term. It vividly describes the process of change in social relations resulting from the influence of large-scale machine industry which everywhere, and not only in Russia, has taken place with an abruptness and sharpness that have astonished public opinion.) Again no. Not a single Narodnik has asked himself this question, not one of them has attempted to apply to the Russian “break-up” those yardsticks which made people acknowledge the West-European “break up” as progressive. They all weep about the foundations, advise that this break-up be stopped, and assure us through their tears that this is the “modern theory.”. . .</div>
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The comparison of Sismondi’s theory and their “theory,” which they have presented as a new and independent solution of the problem of capitalism based on the last word of West European science and life, clearly demonstrates to what a primitive stage of the development of capitalism and public thought the origin of that theory belongs. But the point is not that this theory is old. There are quite a few very old European theories that would be very new for Russia. The point is that even when that theory appeared, it was a petty-bourgeois and reactionary theory.</div>
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Notes</div>
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[1] Cf. Mr. V.V.’s Narodnik programme “to drag history along another line.” Cf. Volgin, loc. cit., p. 181. —Lenin</div>
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[2] The word is in English in the original. –Ed. —Lenin</div>
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[3] Author’s italics. —Lenin</div>
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[4] An exactly similar mistake is made by the Narodniks in relation to another association (the village community), which satisfied the narrow need of association of local peasants linked to each other by the joint ownership of land, pastures, etc. (but chiefly by the joint rule of the landlords and bureaucrats), but which does not in any way satisfy the needs of the commodity economy and capitalism that breaks down all local, social-estate and other such barriers and introduces a profound economic antagonism of interests within the village community. The need for association, for organisation, has not diminished in capitalist society; on the contrary in has grown immeasurably. But it is utterly absurd to use the old yardstick for the purpose of satisfying this need of the new society. This new society is already demanding, firstly, that the association shall not be according to locality, social estate, or other such category; secondly, that its starting-point shall be the difference in status and interests that has been created by capitalism and by the differentiation of the peasantry. Local, social-estate association, on the other hand, which links together peasants who differ sharply from each other in economic status and interests, now, because of its compulsory nature, becomes harmful for the peasants themselves and for social development as a whole. —Lenin</div>
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[5] See above, at least the title of the chapter from which we quoted the arguments about the guilds (quoted also by Ephrucy: p 147). —Lenin</div>
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[6] The fact that he demonstrated the existence of these needs places him, we repeat, far above the narrow-minded bourgeois economists. —Lenin</div>
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[7] But even on this subject Sismondi was not “ahead” of his day for he merely approved of what was already being practised in England, but was unable to understand the connection that existed between these changes and large-scale machine industry and the progressive historical work it was doing. —Lenin</div>
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[8] We do not wish to say that there is no difference in this respect between the authors referred to, but it does not explain the point and misrepresents the relation between Sismondi and the other authors: it is made to appear that they held the same point of view and differed only in the radicalness and consistency of the conclusions they drew. But the point is not that Sismondi “did not go” so far, but that he “went” back, whereas the other authors referred to “went” forward. —Lenin</div>
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[9] “Robert Owen,” says Marx, “the father of Co-operative Factories and Stores, but who. . . in no way shared the illusions of his followers with regard to the bearing (Tragweite ) of these isolated elements of transformation, not only practically made the factory system the sole foundation of his experiments, but also declared that system to be theoretically the starting-point of the ‘social revolution.’”[18] —Lenin</div>
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[10] “The task which Russian society has to fulfil is becoming more and more complicated every day. Capitalism is extending its conquests day after day. . .” (ibid.). —Lenin</div>
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[11] “Russian society has to fulfil a great task, one that is extremely difficult but not impossible—to develop the productive forces of the population in such a form as to benefit not an insignificant minority, but the entire people” (N.-on, 343). —Lenin</div>
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[12] Cf. quotations in Russkoye Bogatstvo, No. 8, p. 57, and also Mr. N.-on’s article in Russkoye Bogatstvo, No. 6, p. 94. —Lenin</div>
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[13] Ephrucy quotes this passage in No. 8 of Russkoye Bogatstvo, p. 57 (from the beginning of this paragraph). —Lenin</div>
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[14] Cf. Russkoye Bogatstvo, 1894, No. 6, p. 88, article referred to. In the translation of this passage Mr. N.-on is guilty of two mistranslations and of one omission. Instead of “petty-bourgeois” and “petty-peasant” he translates “narrow-burgher and “narrow-peasant.” Instead of “cudgels for the workers” he translates “cudgels for the people,” although in the original we have the word Arbeiter. (In the English translation of 1888, authorized by Engels, it is “working class.” –Ed.) He omitted the words: “were bound to be exploded” (gesprengt werden mussten).[19] —Lenin</div>
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[15] Such as Adolph Wagner?—K. T. —Lenin</div>
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[16] Mr. V. V., another Narodnik economist, is quite in accord with Mr. N.-on on the extremely important questions referred to above, and differs from him only in that his point of view is even more primitive. —Lenin</div>
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[18] Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. I, Moscow, 1956, pp. 503-04.</div>
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In the 1897 and 1898 editions, because of the censorship, Lenin replaced the words social revolution” (der sozialen Revolution) by the words “social transformation.” In the 1908 edition Lenin translated the words as “social revolution.” This correction has been made in the present edition.</div>
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[17] Chinsh peasants—those entitled to the hereditary possession of the land in perpetuity, and who had to pay an almost fixed quit-rent, known as chinsh. In tsarist Russia, the chinsh system operated mainly in Poland, Lithuania, Byelorussia, and the Black Sea littoral of the Ukraine.</div>
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[19] Marx and Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party. Selected Works, Vol. I, Moscow, 1958, p. 57.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2819890919646080071.post-40408456208698190632017-10-27T16:47:00.000-07:002017-10-27T16:47:10.397-07:00Practical Proposals of Romanticism<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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We shall now endeavour to sum up Sismondi’s point of view on capitalism (a task which, as the reader remembers, Ephrucy, too, set himself) and examine the practical programme of romanticism.</div>
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We have seen that Sismondi’s merit lay in his being one of the first to point to the contradictions of capitalism. But in pointing to them he not only made no attempt to analyse them and explain their origin, development and trend, but even regarded them as unnatural, or mistaken digressions from the normal. He naïvely protested against these “digressions” with moralising phrases, denunciations, advice to eliminate them, and so forth, as if these contradictions did not express the real interests of real groups of the population occupying a definite place in the general system of social economy of the present day. This is the most outstanding feature of romanticism—to regard antagonism of interests (which is deeply rooted in the very system of social economy) as a contradiction or an error of doctrine, system, even of measures, and so forth. Here the narrow outlook of the Kleinburger,<a href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1897/econroman/ii8iv.htm#fwV02P232F01">[1]</a> who stands aloof from developed contradictions and occupies an intermediary, transitional position between the two poles, is combined with a naïve idealism—we are almost ready to say a bureaucratic outlook—which attributes the existence of a social system to the opinions of men (especially of the powers that be) and not vice versa. We shall quote examples of all Sismondi’s arguments of this kind.</div>
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“In forgetting men for the sake of things, has not England sacrificed the aim to the means?</div>
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“The example of England is all the more striking in that this nation is free, enlightened and well governed, and that all her misfortunes are due solely to her pursuit of a wrong economic line” (I, p. IX). In general Sismondi uses England as an example to frighten the Continent with—just like our romanticists, who imagine that they are contributing something new and not the oldest kind of rubbish.</div>
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“In drawing my readers’ attention to England, I wanted to show . . . the history of our own future, if we continue to act on the principles she has followed” (I, p. XVI).</div>
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“... The Continental countries deem it necessary to follow England in her career of manufacture” (II, 330). “There is no more astonishing, no more frightful spectacle than that presented by England” (II, 332).[2]</div>
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“It must not be forgotten that wealth is merely that which represents (n’est que la représentation) the pleasures and amenities of life” (here wealth in general is substituted for bourgeois wealth!), “and to create artificial wealth and thereby doom a nation to all that which actually represents poverty and suffering, means taking the name for the thing itself” (prendre le mot pour la chose) (I, 379).</div>
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“... As long as nations followed only the dictates (commands, indications) of nature and enjoyed the advantages provided by climate, soil, location and the possession of raw materials, they did not place themselves in an unnatural position (une position forcée), they did not seek apparent wealth (une opulence apparente) which for the masses becomes real poverty” (I, 411). Bourgeois wealth is only apparent wealth!! “It is dangerous for a nation to close its doors to foreign trade: this compels the nation to engage, in a way (en quelque sorte) in false activity, which leads to its ruin” (I, 448)[3] </div>
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“... Wages contain a necessary part which must sustain the life, strength and health of those who receive them. . . . Woe to the government that encroaches upon this part—it sacrifices everything (il sacrifie tout ensemble)—men, and hope of future wealth. . . . This difference enables us to understand how wrong is the policy of those governments which have reduced the wages of the working classes to the limit required to increase the net revenues of factory owners, merchants and property owners” (II, 169).[4]</div>
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“The time has come at last to ask: whither are we going?’l (où l’on veut aller) (II, 328).</div>
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“Their separation” (the separation of the property owning class from the working people), “the antagonism of their interests, is the result of the present-day artificial organisation which we have given human society. . . . The natural order of social progress did not by any means tend to separate men from things, or wealth from labour; in the rural districts the property owner could remain a tiller of the soil; in the towns the capitalist could remain an artisan; the separation of the working class from the leisured class was not absolutely indispensable for the existence of society, or for production; we introduced it for the greatest benefit of all; it devolves upon us (il nous appartient) to regulate it so that this benefit may be really achieved” (II, 348).</div>
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“Having been put in opposition to each other, the producers” (i.e., the masters and the workers) “were compelled to proceed along a path diametrically opposed to the interests of society. . . . In this constant struggle to reduce wages, the public interest, in which, however, all participate, in forgotten by all” (II, 359-60). And this too is preceded by mention of the paths bequeathed by history: “At the beginning of social life every man possesses capital, through which he applies his labour, and nearly all artisans live on a revenue consisting equally of profit and wages” (II, 359).[5]</div>
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Enough, it seems.... We can be certain that a reader who is familiar neither with Sismondi nor with Mr. N.–on will find it difficult to say which of the points of view of the two romanticists, the one in the footnote or the one in the text, is the more primitive and naïve.</div>
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Sismondi’s practical proposals, to which he devoted so much space in his Nouveaux Principes, fully conform to this.</div>
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The difference between us and Adam Smith, says Sismondi in the very first book of his work, is that “we nearly always , call for that very governmental interference which Adam Smith rejected” (I, 52). “The state does not rectify distribution” (I, 80). . . . “The legislator could ensure the poor man some guarantees against universal competition” (I, 81). “Production must be commensurate with social revenue, and those who encourage unlimited production without taking the trouble to ascertain what this revenue is, are pushing the nation to ruin, though they think they are opening to it the road to wealth (le chemin des richesses)” (I, 82). “When the progress of wealth is gradual (gradué), when it is proportionate to itself, when none of its parts develops with excessive rapidity, it disseminates universal prosperity. . . Perhaps it is the duty of governments to restrain (ralentir!!) this movement in order to regulate it” (I, 409-10).</div>
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Of the enormous historical importance of the development of the productive forces of society, which takes place precisely through these contradictions and disproportions, Sismondi has not the faintest idea!</div>
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“If the government exercises a regulating and moderating influence upon the pursuit of wealth, it can be infinitely beneficial” (I, 413). “Some of the measures to regulate trade which are nowadays condemned by public opinion, although meriting condemnation as a stimulus to industry, may, perhaps, be justified as a curb” (I, 415).</div>
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These arguments of Sismondi’s already reveal his astonishing lack of historical sense: he has not the faintest idea that liberation from medieval regulation constituted the entire historical significance of the period contemporary to him. He does not realise that his arguments bring grist to the mill of the defenders of the ancien régime, who at that time were still so strong even in France, not to speak of the other countries of the West-European continent where they ruled.[6]</div>
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Thus, the starting-point of Sismondi’s practical proposals is—tutelage, restraint, regulation.</div>
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This point of view follows quite naturally and inevitably from the whole of Sismondi’s range of ideas. He lived at the very time when large-scale machine industry was taking its first steps on the European continent, when there began that sharp and abrupt change of all social relations under the influence of machines (note, under the influence of machine industry, and not of “capitalism” in general),[7] a change which is known in economic science as the industrial revolution.[8] Here is how it is described by one of the first economists able fully to appreciate the profundity of the revolution which created modern European societies in place of the patriarchal semi-medieval societies:</div>
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“Such, in brief, is the history of English industrial development in the past sixty years” (this was written in 1844), “a history which has no counterpart in the annals of humanity. Sixty, eighty years ago, England was a country like every other, with small towns, few and simple industries, and a thin but proportionally large agricultural population. Today it is a country like no other, with a capital of two and a half million inhabitants; with vast manufacturing cities; with an industry that supplies the world, and produces almost everything by means of the most complex machinery; with an industrious, intelligent, dense population, of which two-thirds are employed in trade and commerce, and composed of classes wholly different; forming, in fact, with other customs and other needs, a different nation from the England of those days. The industrial revolution is of the same importance for England as the political revolution for France, and the philosophical revolution for Germany; and the difference between England in 1760 and in 1844 is at least as great as that between France, under the ancien régime and during the revolution of July.”[9]</div>
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This was the complete “break-up” of all the old, deep rooted relationships, whose economic basis had been small production. Naturally, with his reactionary, petty-bourgeois point of view, Sismondi could not understand the significance of this “break-up.” Naturally, he first of all, and most of all, wished, urged, pleaded, demanded that this “break-up should be stopped.”[10] ]</div>
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But how should this “break-up be stopped”? First of all, of course, by supporting the people’s . . . that is to say, “patriarchal production,” the peasantry and small farming in general. Sismondi devotes a whole chapter (t. II, l. VII, ch. VIII) to the subject of “how the government should protect the population from the consequences of competition.”</div>
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“In relation to the agricultural population, the government’s general task is to ensure those who work (à ceux qui travaillent) a part of the property, or to support (favoriser) what we have called patriarchal agriculture in preference to all other kinds” (II, 340).</div>
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“A Statute of Elizabeth, which was disregarded, prohibited the building of cottages[11] in England unless each was allotted a four-acre plot of land. Had this law been obeyed, no day labourer could have married without receiving a cottage,[12] and no cottager[13] would have been reduced to extreme poverty. This would have been a step forward (c’est quelque chose), but it would not have been enough; under the English climate, the peasant population would have lived in want on four acres per family. Today, most of the English cottagers have only one and a half to two acres of land, for which they pay a fairly high rent. . . . The law should compel . . . the landlord, when he distributes his field among many cottagers,[14]to give each one enough land to live on” (II, 342–43).[15]</div>
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The reader will see that the proposals of romanticism are absolutely identical with the proposals and programme of the Narodniks: they too ignore actual economic development, and in the epoch of large-scale machine industry, fierce competition and conflict of interests they fatuously presume the preservation of conditions which reproduce the patriarchal conditions of the hoary past.</div>
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Notes</div>
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[1] Petty bourgeois.—Ed.</div>
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[2] To show clearly the relation between European and Russian romanticism we shall quote, in footnotes, passages from Mr. N.–on. “We have refused to learn the lesson taught us by the course of economic development of Western Europe. We have been so dazzled by the brilliance of the development of capitalism in England, and we are so astonished by the immeasurably more rapid development of capitalism in the American States,” etc. (323). As you see, even Mr. N.–on’s expressions are not distinguished for their novelty! He is “astonished” by the same thing that “astonished” Sismondi at the beginning of the century. —Lenin</div>
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[3] “. . . The economic path we have pursued for the past thirty years has been a wrong one” (281). . . . “We have too long identified the interests of capitalism with those of the national economy—an extremely fatal blunder. . . . The apparent results of the protection of industry . . . have obscured our vision to such a degree that we have totally lost sight of the popular-social aspect . . . we have lost sight of the price paid for this development, we have forgotten the aim of all production” (298)—except capitalist production!</div>
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“Disdain for one’s own past . . . the implanting of capitalism” . . . (283). . . . “We . . . have resorted to all means to implant capitalism”. . . (323). . . . “We have overlooked” . . . (ibid.). —Lenin</div>
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[4] “. . . We have not hindered the development of the capitalist forms of production in spite of the fact that they are based upon the expropriation of the peasantry” (323). —Lenin</div>
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[5] “Instead of adhering firmly to our age-old traditions; instead of developing the principle of a close tie between the means of production and the direct producer . . . instead of increasing the productivity of its (the peasantry’s) labour by concentrating the means of production in its hands . . . instead of that, we have taken the absolutely opposite path” (322-23). “We have mistaken the development of capitalism for the development of the whole of people’s production . . . we have overlooked the fact that the development of one . . . can only proceed at the expense of the other” (323). Our italics. —Lenin</div>
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[6] Ephrucy discerned “civic courage” in these regrets and longings of Sismondi (No. 7, p. 139). So the expression of sentimental longings calls for civic courage!! Open any high-school textbook on history and you will read that in the first quarter of the nineteenth century the West-European countries were organised on lines which the science of constitutional law designates by the term: Polizeistaat (police state.—Ed.). You will read that the historical task not only of that quarter, but also of the subsequent quarter of the century, was to combat it. You will understand then that Sismondi’s point of view smacks of the dull-wittedness of the small French peasant of the Restoration period; that Sismondi exemplifies the combination of petty-bourgeois sentimental romanticism with phenomenal civic immaturity. —Lenin</div>
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[7] Capitalism in England dates not from the end of the eighteenth century but from a far earlier period. —Lenin</div>
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[8] These words are in English in the original.—Ed.</div>
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[9] Engels, Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England.[16] —Lenin</div>
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[10] We make so bold as to hope that Mr. N.–on will not resent our borrowing this expression from him (p. 345), as we think it extremely apt and characteristic. —Lenin</div>
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[11] These words are in English in the original.—Ed.</div>
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[12] These words are in English in the original.—Ed.</div>
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[13] These words are in English in the original.—Ed.</div>
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[14] These words are in English in the original.—Ed.</div>
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[15] “Adhere to our age-old traditions;” (is it not patriotism?) “. . . develop our inherited principle of close connection between the means of production and the direct producers”. . . (Mr. N.–on, 322). “We have turned from the path we have followed for many centuries we have begun to eliminate production based on the close connection between the direct producer and the means of production, on the close connection between agriculture and manufacturing industry, and have based our economic policy on the principle of developing capitalist production, which is based on the alienation of the means of production from the direct producers, with all its accompanying disasters, from which Western Europe is now suffering” (28l). Let the reader compare this with the above-quoted view of the “West Europeans” themselves on these “disasters from which Western Europe is suffering,” and so forth “The principle . . . of allotting land to the peasants or . . . providing the producers with implements of labour” (p. 2) . . . “the-age old foundations of the people’s life” (75). . . . “Hence we have in these figures” (i e., figures showing “the minimum amount of land needed under present economic conditions to ensure the material security of the rural population”) “one of the elements for the solution of the economic problem, but only one of the elements” (65). As you see the West-European romanticists were no less fond than the Russian of seeking in “age-old traditions” “sanctions for people’s production. —Lenin</div>
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[16] Marx and Engels, On Britain, Moscow, 1953, pp. 49-50.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2819890919646080071.post-15464254586686805132017-10-27T16:44:00.000-07:002017-10-27T16:44:27.546-07:00A Characterisation of Economic Romanticism<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsJAPxbWzTh_Qz3dlgYOIRa10nWHMOfxjH7SBJ847GcFtnLqM4VBPhYMr3pocpvMvNEckIL7-mV3PMSHdLCrZ_rt-7qnc7JszGtcdNBgkF-fGumUw6GSYxlKB566nokKqmrv2wBwu3dzU/s1600/18056993_1340311592723055_8441064863624974882_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="720" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsJAPxbWzTh_Qz3dlgYOIRa10nWHMOfxjH7SBJ847GcFtnLqM4VBPhYMr3pocpvMvNEckIL7-mV3PMSHdLCrZ_rt-7qnc7JszGtcdNBgkF-fGumUw6GSYxlKB566nokKqmrv2wBwu3dzU/s320/18056993_1340311592723055_8441064863624974882_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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(SISMONDI and OUR NATIVE SISMONDISTS)</div>
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III</div>
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The Problem of the Growth of the Industrial Population At the Expense of the Agricultural Population</div>
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Let us return to Sismondi. In addition to his idealisation of the petty bourgeoisie, in addition to his romanticist failure to understand how, under the present social system of economy, the “peasantry” is transformed into a petty bourgeoisie, he holds an extremely characteristic view about the diminution of the agricultural population to the advantage of the industrial population. It is common knowledge that this phenomenon—one of the most striking manifestations of a country’s capitalist development—is observed in all civilised countries, and also in Russia.[1]</div>
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Sismondi, an outstanding economist of his time, must, of course, have seen this fact. He openly records it, but fails completely to understand the necessary connection between it and the development of capitalism (to put it even more generally: between it and the division of social labour, the growth of commodity economy called forth by this phenomenon). He simply condemns it as a defect in the “system.”</div>
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After pointing to the enormous progress made by English agriculture, Sismondi says:</div>
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“While admiring the carefully cultivated fields, we must look at the people who cultivate them; they constitute only half the number to be seen in France on an equal area. Some economists regard this as again; in my opinion it is a loss” (I, 239).</div>
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We can understand why the ideologists of the bourgeoisie regarded this thing as a gain (we shall soon see that such is also the view of the scientific critique of capitalism): in this way they formulated the growth of bourgeois wealth, commerce and industry. While hastening tocondemn this phenomenon, Sismondi forgets to think about its causes.</div>
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“In France and in Italy,” he says, “where, it is calculated, four-fifths of the population belong to the agricultural class, four-fifths of the nation will have the national bread to eat, no matter what the price of foreign grain may be” (I, 264). Fuit Troja! is what can be said of this. There are now no countries (even the most highly agricultural) which are not entirely dependent upon the price of grain, i.e., upon world capitalist production of grain.</div>
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“If a nation cannot increase its commercial population except by demanding from each a larger amount of work for the same pay, it must fear an increase in its industrial population” (I, 322). As the reader sees, this is merely kind advice devoid of all sense and meaning, for here the concept “nation” is based on the artificial exclusion of the antagonisms between the classes which constitute this “nation.” As always, Sismondi simply wriggles out of these antagonisms by means of the well-meaning wish that . . . there should be no antagonisms.</div>
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“In England, agriculture employs only 770,199 families, commerce and industry employ 959,632, the other estates in society 413,316. It is truly frightful (effrayante) that such a large proportion of the population, out of a total of 2,143,147 families, or 10,150,615 persons, exists on commercial wealth. Happily, France is still far from having such an enormous number of workers depending upon luck in a remote market” (I, 434). Here Sismondi even seems to forget that this “happiness” is due entirely to the lag in France’s capitalist development.</div>
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Depicting the changes in the existing system which are “desirable” from his point of view (we shall discuss these later), Sismondi says that “the result” (of reforms to suit the romantic taste) “would undoubtedly be that more than one country living merely by industry would have to successively close down many workshops, and that the urban population, which had increased excessively, would rapidly decline, whereas the rural population would begin to grow” (II, 367).</div>
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This example brings out in particular relief the helplessness of the sentimental criticism of capitalism and the impotent vexation of the petty bourgeois! Sismondi simply complains[2] that things are going one way and not another. His grief at the destruction of the Eden of the rural population’s patriarchal dullness and downtrodden condition is so great that our economist does not even discern why it takes place. He therefore overlooks the fact that the increase in the industrial population is necessarily and inseverably connected with commodity economy and capitalism. Commodity economy develops to the degree that the social division of labour develops. And the division of labour means precisely that one industry after another, one form of processing the raw product after another, separates from agriculture, becomes independent, and consequently gives rise to an industrial population. Therefore, to discuss commodity economy and capitalism and ignore the law of the relative growth of the industrial population, means to have no notion whatever of the fundamental characteristics of the present system of social economy.</div>
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“It is in the nature of capitalist production to continually reduce the agricultural population as compared with the non-agricultural, because in industry (in the strict sense) the increase of constant capital in relation to variable capital goes hand in hand with an absolute increase, though relative decrease,[3] in variable capital; on the other hand, in agriculture the variable capital required for the exploitation of a certain plot of land decreases absolutely; it can thus only increase to the extent that new land[4] is taken into cultivation, but this again requires as a prerequisite a still greater growth of the non-agricultural population” (III, 2, 177).[10]</div>
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On this point modern theory takes a view diametrically opposite to that of romanticism with its sentimental complaints. When we understand that something is inevitable, we naturally adopt a totally different attitude towards it and are able to appraise its different aspects. The phenomenon we are now discussing is one of the most profound and most general of the contradictions of the capitalist system. The separation of town from country, their oppositeness, and the exploitation of the countryside by the town—these universal concomitants of developing capitalism—are a necessary product of the preponderance of “commercial wealth” (to use Sismondi’s term) over “territorial wealth” (agricultural wealth). Therefore, the predominance of the town over the countryside (economically, politically, intellectually, and in all other respects) is a universal and inevitable thing in all countries where there is commodity production and capitalism, including Russia: only sentimental romanticists can bewail this. Scientific theory, on the contrary, points to the progressive aspect given to this contradiction by large-scale industrial capital. “Capitalist production, by collecting the population in great centres, and causing an ever-increasing preponderance of town population . . . concentrates the historical motive-power of society”[11] (die geschichtliche Bewegungskraft der Gesellschaft).[5] If the predominance of the town is inevitable, only the attraction of the population to the towns can neutralise (and, as history shows, does in fact neutralise) the one-sided character of this predominance. If the town necessarily gains itself a privileged position, leaving the village subordinate, undeveloped, helpless and downtrodden, only the influx of the village population into the towns, only this mingling and merging of the agricultural with the non-agricultural population, can lift the rural population out of its helplessness. Therefore, in reply to the reactionary complaints and lamentations of the romanticists, modern theory indicates exactly how this narrowing of the gap between the conditions of life of the agricultural and of the non-agricultural population creates the conditions for eliminating the antithesis between town and country.</div>
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The question now is: what is the point of view of our Narodnik economists on this problem? Undoubtedly, that of the sentimental romanticist. Far from understanding that the growth of the industrial population is necessary under the present system of social economy, they even try to close their eyes to the phenomenon itself, like the bird which hides its head under its wing. As was to be expected, no answer was forthcoming to P. Struve’s statement that Mr. N.–on, in his arguments about capitalism, commits a gross error when he asserts that there is an absolute diminution of variable capital (Critical Remarks, p. 255), and that it is absurd to contrast Russia with the West in respect of the former’s smaller percentage of industrial population and at the same time to ignore the growth of this percentage as a result of the development of capitalism[6](Sozialpolitisches Centralblatt,[12] 1893, No. 1). While constantly harping upon the specific features of Russia, the Narodnik economists have not even been able to present the problem of the actual specific features of the formation of an industrial population in Russia,[7] to which we briefly referred above. Such is the Narodniks’ theoretical attitude towards this problem. Actually, however, when the Narodniks, untrammelled by theoretical doubts, discuss the conditions of the peasants in the post-Reform countryside, they admit that the peasants who are ousted from agriculture migrate to the towns and to factory areas, but they confine themselves to bewailing this state of affairs, just as Sismondi bewailed it.[8]They do not notice at all either the economic or (what is perhaps more important) the moral and educational significance of the profound change that has taken place in the conditions of life of the masses of the population in post-Reform Russia—a process which, for the first time, has disturbed the peasantry’s settled life, their position of being tied to their localities, given them mobility, and narrowed the gap between the agricultural and non-agricultural labourers, the rural and the urban workers.[9] All they have derived from it is an occasion for sentimental-romanticist lamentations.</div>
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Notes</div>
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[1] The percentage of the urban population in European Russia has been growing in the post-Reform period. Here we must confine ourselves merely to pointing to this most commonly known symptom, although it expresses the phenomenon far from completely, in that it does not include important features specific to Russia as compared with Western Europe. This is not the place to examine these specific features (the peasants’ lack of freedom of movement, the existence of industrial and factory villages, internal colonisation of the country, and so forth). —Lenin</div>
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[2] “Ultimately . . . this form of Socialism” (namely the trend of petty-bourgeois criticism, of which Sismondi was the head) “ended in a miserable fit of the blues.”[13] —Lenin</div>
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[3] From this the reader can judge the wit of Mr. N.–on who, in his Sketches, without ceremony transforms the relative decrease of variable capital and of the number of workers into an absolute one, and from this draws a host of the absurdest conclusions concerning the “shrinking” of the home market, and so forth. —Lenin</div>
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[4] It was this condition that we had in mind when we said that the internal colonisation of Russia hindered the manifestation of the law of the greater growth of the industrial population. It is enough to recall the difference between Russia’s long-settled central areas, where the industrial population grew not so much in the towns as in the factory villages and townships, and, say, Novorossiya, which has been settled in the post-Reform period, and where the towns are growing at a pace comparable with that of America. We hope to deal with this problem in greater detail elsewhere. —Lenin</div>
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[5] Cf. also the particularly striking characterisation of the progressive role played by industrial centres in the intellectual development of the population in Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England, 1845.[14] That the recognition of this role did not prevent the author of The Condition of the Working Class in England from profoundly understanding the contradiction manifested in the separation of town from country, is proved by his polemical book against Düring.[15] —Lenin</div>
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[6] Let the reader recall that this is the mistake made by Sismondi when he said that “happily” eighty per cent of the population of France were agricultural, as if this was a specific feature of some “people’s production,” and so forth, and not a reflection of lag in capitalist development. —Lenin</div>
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[7] Cf. Volgin, The Substantiation of Narodism in the Works of Mr. Vorontsov. St. Petersburg, 1896, pp. 215-16. —Lenin</div>
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[8] In fairness, however, it must be said that Sismondi observes the growth of the industrial population in several countries, and recognises its universal nature and reveals here and there an understanding of the fact that this is not merely some “anomaly,” and so forth, but a profound change in the people’s conditions of life—a change which admittedly has something good in it. At all events the following observation of his on the harmfulness of the division of labour reveals views far more profound than those of Mr. Mikhailovsky, for example, who invented a general “formula of progress,” instead of analysing the definite forms assumed by the division of labour in different formations of social economy and at different periods of development.</div>
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“Although the uniformity of the operations to which all the workers’ activities in the factories are reduced must obviously harm their mental development (intelligence), nevertheless, it must be said in fairness that according to the observations of the best judges the manufactory workers in England are superior in intelligence education and morals to the agricultural workers” (ouvriers des champs) (1, 397). And Sismondi indicates the cause of this: Vivant sans cesse ensemble, moins épuisés par la latigue et pouvant se livrer davantage à la conversation, les idées ont circulé plus rapidement entre eux (Living constantly together, they are less fatigued, and having greater opportunities of conversing with each other ideas have spread more rapidly among them.—Ed.). But, he adds in a melancholy tone aucun attachement à l’ordre établi (they display no attachment to the established order.—Ed.). —Lenin</div>
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[9] The forms assumed by this process are also different in the central parts of European Russia as compared with the border regions It is mainlyagricultural workers from the central black-earth gubernias and partly non-agricultural workers from the industrial gubernias who migrate to the border regions, where they spread their knowledge of “their trades” and “implant” industry among the purely agricultural population. The migrants from the industrial region are non-agricultural workers, part of whom scatter to all parts of Russia but most of whom stream into the metropolitan cities and the large industrial centres; and this industrial current, if one may so express it, is so strong, that it creates a shortage ofagricultural workers, who migrate to the industrial gubernias (Moscow, Yaroslavl and other gubernias) from the central black-earth gubernias. See S. A. Korolenko, Hired Labour, etc. —Lenin</div>
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[13] Marx and Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party. Selected Works, Vol. I, Moscow, 1958, p. 57.</div>
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[10] Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. III, Moscow, 1959, p. 622.</div>
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[11] Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. I, Moscow, 1958, p. 505.</div>
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[14] Marx and Engels, On Britain, Moscow, 1953, pp. 1-336.</div>
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[15] Frederick Engels, Anti-Dühring, Moscow, 1954, pp. 402-14.</div>
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[12] Sozialpolitisches Centralblatt (Central Social-Political Sheet)—organ of the Right wing of German Social-Democracy. First appeared in 1892.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2819890919646080071.post-14437769023914457612017-10-27T16:40:00.001-07:002017-10-27T16:40:39.076-07:00The Petty-Bourgeois Character of Romanticism<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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The idealisation of small production reveals to us another typical feature of romanticist and Narodnik criticism, namely, its petty-bourgeois character. We have seen that the French and the Russian romanticists are unanimous in converting small production into a “social organisation,” into a “form of production,” and in contrasting it to capitalism. We have also seen that this contrasting of one to the other is nothing but the expression of an extremely superficial understanding, that it is the artificial and incorrect singling out of one form of commodity economy (large-scale industrial capital) and condemnation of it, while utopianly idealising another form of the same commodity economy (small production). The misfortune of both the European romanticists of the early nineteenth century and of the Russian romanticists of the late nineteenth century is that they invent for themselves a sort of abstract small production existing outside of the social relations of production, and overlook the trifling circumstance that this small production actually exists in an environment of commodity production—this applies both to the small economy on the European continent in the 1820s and to Russian peasant economy in the 1890s. Actually, the small producer, whom the romanticists and the Narodniks place on a pedestal, is therefore a petty bourgeois who exists in the same antagonistic relations as every other member of capitalist society, and who also defends his interests by means of a struggle which, on the one hand, is constantly creating a small minority of big bourgeois, and on the other, pushes the majority into the ranks of the proletariat. Actually, as everybody sees and knows, there are no small producers who do not stand between these two opposite classes, and this middle position necessarily determines the specific character of the petty bourgeoisie, its dual character, its two-facedness, its gravitation towards the minority which has emerged from the struggle successfully, its hostility towards the “failures,” i.e., the majority. The more commodity economy develops, the more strongly and sharply do these qualities stand out, and the more evident does it become that the idealisation of small production merely expresses a reactionary, petty-bourgeois point of view.</div>
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We must make no mistake about the meaning of these terms, which the author of A Critique of Some of the Propositions of Political Economy applied specifically to Sismondi. These terms do not at all mean that Sismondi defends the backward petty bourgeois. Nowhere does Sismondi defend them: he wants to take the point of view of the labouring classes in general, he expresses his sympathy for all the members of these classes, he is pleased, for example, with factory legislation, he attacks capitalism and exposes its contradictions. In a word, his point of view is exactly the same as that of the modern Narodniks.</div>
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The question is: on what grounds, then, is he described as a petty bourgeois? On the grounds that he does not understand the connection between small production (which he idealises) and big capital (which he attacks). On the grounds that he does not see that his beloved small producer, the peasant, is in reality becoming a petty bourgeois. We must never forget the following explanation about reducing the theories of various authors to the interests and points of view of different classes:</div>
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“Only one must not form the narrow-minded notion that the petty bourgeoisie, on principle, wishes to enforce an egoistic class interest. Rather, it believes that the special conditions of its emancipation are the general conditions within the frame of which alone modern society can be saved and the class struggle avoided. Just as little must one imagine that the democratic representatives are in deed all shopkeepers or enthusiastic champions of shop-keepers. According to their education and their individual position they may be as far apart as heaven from earth. What makes them representatives of the petty bourgeoisie is the fact that in their minds they do not get beyond the limits which the latter do not get beyond in life, that they are consequently driven, theoretically, to the same problems and solutions to which material interest and social position drive the latter practically. This is, in general, the relationship between the political and literary representatives of a class and the class they represent” (Karl Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, translated into Russian by Bazarov and Stepanov, pp. 179–80).[3]</div>
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Hence, those Narodniks who think that the sole object of referring to petty-bourgeois character is to say some thing exceptionally venomous, that it is simply a polemical ruse, cut a very comical figure. By this attitude they reveal their misconception of the general views of their opponents, and chiefly their misconception of the basis of that very criticism of capitalism with which they all “agree,” and of the way in which it differs from sentimental and petty-bourgeois criticism. The mere fact that they strive so hard to evade the very problem of these latter forms of criticism, of their existence in Western Europe, of their relation to the scientific criticism, clearly shows why the Narodniks do not want to understand this difference.[1]</div>
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Let us explain the above with an example. In the bibliographical section of Russkaya Mysl[4] for 1896, No. 5 (p. 229, et seq.), it is stated that among the intelligentsia “a group has lately appeared and is growing with amazing rapidity” which in principle is unreservedly hostile to Narodism. The reviewer points in the briefest outline to the causes and character of this hostility, and one can not but note with appreciation that he gives quite correctly the gist of the point of view hostile to Narodism.[2] The reviewer does not share this point of view. He does not understand that the ideas of class interests, etc., should compel us to deny “people’s ideals” (“simply people’s but not Narodnik”; ibid., p. 229), which he says, are the welfare, freedom and consciousness of the peasantry, i.e., of the majority of the population.</div>
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“We shall be told, of course, as others have been told,” says the reviewer, “that the ideals of the peasant author” (this is a reference to the wishes expressed by a certain peasant) “are petty-bourgeois and that, therefore, to this day our literature has represented and defended the interests of the petty bourgeoisie. But this is simply a bogey, and who, except those possessing the world outlook and mental habits of a Zamoskvorechye merchant’s wife, can be frightened by such a bogey?. . .”</div>
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Strongly spoken! But let us hear what he has to say further:</div>
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“... The basic criterion, both of the conditions of human intercourse and of deliberate social measures, is not economic categories, borrowed, moreover, from conditions alien to the country, and formed under different circumstances, but the happiness and welfare, material and spiritual, of the majority of the population. And if a certain mode of life, and certain measures for maintaining and developing this mode of life, lead to this happiness, call them petty-bourgeois, or what you will, it will not alter the situation: they—this mode of life and these measures—will still be essentially progressive, and for that very reason will represent the highest ideal attainable by society under existing conditions and in its present state” (ibid., pp. 229 30, author’s italics).</div>
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Does the reviewer really not see that in the heat of controversy he has jumped over the problem?</div>
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Although the accusation that Narodism is petty-bourgeois is described by him with supreme severity as “simply a bogey,” he produces no proof of this assertion, except the following incredibly amazing proposition: “The criterion . . . is not economic categories, but the happiness of the majority.” Why, this is the same as saying: the criterion of the weather is not meteorological observations, but the way the majority feels! What, we ask, are these “economic categories” if not the scientific formulation of the population’s conditions of economy and life, and moreover, not of the “population” in general, but of definite groups of the population, which occupy a definite place under the present system of social economy? By opposing the highly abstract idea of “the happiness of the majority” to “economic categories,” the reviewer simply strikes out the entire development of social science since the end of the last century and reverts to naïve rationalistic speculation, which ignores the existence and the development of definite social relationships. With one stroke of the pen he wipes out all that the human mind, in its attempt to understand social phenomena, has achieved at the price of centuries of searching! And after thus relieving himself of all scientific encumbrances, the reviewer believes the problem is solved. Indeed, he bluntly concludes: “If a certain mode of life . . . leads to this happiness, call it what you will, it will not alter the situation.” What do you think of that? But the whole question was: what mode of life? The author himself had only just said that those who regarded peasant economy as a special mode of life (“people’s production,” or whatever you like to call it) were opposed by others who asserted that it is not a special mode of life, but just the ordinary petty-bourgeois mode of life, similar to that of every other kind of small production in a country of commodity production and capitalism. If it automatically follows from the former view that “this mode of life” (“people’s production”) “leads to happiness,” then it also automatically follows from the latter view that “this mode of life” (the petty-bourgeois mode) leads to capitalism and to nothing else, leads to the “majority of the population” being forced into the ranks of the proletariat and to the conversion of the minority into a rural (or industrial) bourgeoisie. Is it not obvious that the reviewer fired a shot into the air, and amidst the noise of the shot took as proven exactly what is denied by the second view, which is so unkindly declared to be “simply a bogey”?</div>
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Had he wanted to examine the second view seriously, he obviously should have proved one of two things: either that “petty bourgeoisie” is a wrong scientific category, that one can conceive of capitalism and commodity economy without a petty bourgeoisie (as indeed the Narodniks actually do, and thereby completely revert to Sismondi’s point of view), or that this category is inapplicable to Russia, i.e., that here we have neither capitalism nor the prevalence of commodity economy, that the small producers do not become commodity producers, that the above-mentioned process of ousting the majority and of strengthening the “independence” of the minority is not taking place among them. Now, however, having seen that he treats the reference to the petty-bourgeois character of Narodism simply as a desire to “offend” the Narodniks, and having read the above-quoted phrase about the “bogey,” we involuntarily recall the well-known utterance: “Pray, Kit Kitych!<a href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1897/econroman/ii8ii.htm#fwV02E074">[5]</a> Who would offend you? You yourself can offend anybody!”</div>
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[1] For example, Ephrucy wrote two articles on the subject of “how Sismondi regarded the growth of capitalism” (Russkoye Bogatstvo, No. 7, p. 139), and yet absolutely failed to understand exactly how Sismondi did regard it. Russkoye Bogatstvo’s contributor did not notice Sismondi’s petty-bourgeois point of view. But since Ephrucy is undoubtedly familiar with Sismondi; since he (as we shall see later) is familiar with that very representative of the modern theory who characterised Sismondi in that way; since he, too, wishes to “agree” with this representative of the new theory—his failure to understand acquires a quite definite significance. The Narodnik could not see in the romanticist what he does not see in himself. —Lenin</div>
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[2] It sounds very strange, of course, to praise a man for correctly conveying somebody else’s ideas!! But what would you have? Among the ordinary controversialists of Russkoye Bogatstvo and of the old Novoye Slovo, Messrs. Krivenko and Vorontsov, such a method of controversy is indeed a rare exception. —Lenin</div>
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[3] Karl Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. Marx and Engels, Selected Works, Vol. I, Moscow, 1958, p. 275.</div>
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[4] Russkaya Mysl (Russian Thought)—a monthly literary and political journal published in Moscow from 1880 to 1918; up to 1905 it was liberal Narodnik in trend. In the nineties, during the polemic between the Marxists and the liberal Narodniks, the editors of the journal, while adhering to the Narodnik outlook, occasionally allowed articles by Marxists to be published in its columns. Items by the progressive writers A. M. Gorky, V. G. Kprolenko; D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak, G. I. Uspensky, A. P. Chekhov, and others were published in the journal’s literature section.</div>
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After the 1905 Revolution, Russkaya Mysl became the organ of the Right wing of the Cadet Party, and was edited by P. B. Struve. It was closed down in the middle of 1918.</div>
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[5] Kit Kitych—the nickname of Tit Titych, a rich merchant, one of the characters in A. N. Ostrovsky’s comedy Shouldering Another’s Troubles. Lenin gives this epithet to the capitalist money bags.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2819890919646080071.post-18170848331210775282017-10-27T16:38:00.001-07:002017-10-27T16:38:22.166-07:00The Character of the Romanticists’ Criticism of Capitalism<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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We have already dealt sufficiently with Sismondi’s “mind.” Let us now take a closer look at his “heart.” Let us attempt to collect all the references to his point of view (which we have studied till now only as an element touching on theoretical problems), to his attitude towards capitalism, to his social sympathies, to his conception of the “socio-political” problems of the period in which he was active.</div>
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I The Sentimental Criticism of Capitalism</div>
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The distinguishing feature of the period in which Sismondi wrote was the rapid development of exchange (money economy, to use modern terminology), which was manifested with particular sharpness after the remnants of feudalism were destroyed by the French Revolution. Sismondi unambiguously condemned this development and growth of exchange, denounced “fatal competition,” called upon the “government to protect the population from the consequences of competition” (ch. VIII, l. VII), and so forth. “Rapid exchanges corrupt the good faith of the people. Constant concern for selling at a profit cannot but lead to attempts to demand too high a price and to cheat, and the harder life becomes for the one who gains his livelihood by constant exchanges, the more he is tempted to resort to cheating” (I, 169). Such was the naïveté required to attack money economy in the way our Narodniks attack it! “. . . Commercial wealth is only of secondary importance in the economic system; and land wealth (territoriale) which provides the means of subsistence must increase first. The whole of that numerous class which lives by commerce must be called upon to participate in the fruits of the earth only to the extent that these fruits exist; it” (this class) “must grow only to the extent that this produce grows” (I, 322-23). Has Mr. N.–on, who fills page after page with complaints about the growth of commerce and industry outpacing the development of agriculture, taken even one step beyond this patriarchal romanticist? These complaints of the romanticist and of the Narodnik merely testify to a complete misunderstanding of capitalist economy. Can there be a capitalism under which the development of commerce and industry does not outpace agriculture? Why, the growth of capitalism is the growth of commodity economy, that is to say, of a social division of labour which separates from agriculture one branch of the processing of raw materials after another, breaking up the singlenatural economy in which the production, processing and consumption of these raw materials were combined. That is why capitalism always and everywhere signifies a more rapid development of commerce and industry than of agriculture, a more rapid growth of the commercial and industrial population, a greater weight and importance of commerce and industry in the social economic system as a whole.[1] Nor can it be otherwise. By repeating such complaints, Mr. N.–on proves again and again that in his economic views he has not gone beyond superficial, sentimental romanticism. “This unwise spirit of enterprise (esprit d’entreprise ), this excess of trading of every kind, which causes so many bankruptcies in America, is due, without a doubt, to the increase in the number of banks and to the ease with which illusory credit takes the place of real property” (fortune réelle ) (II, 111), and so forth endlessly. Why did Sismondi attack money economy (and capitalism)? What does he offer in place of it? Small independent production, the natural economy of the peasants in the countryside, artisan production in the towns. Here is what he says of the former in the chapter headed “Of Patriarchal Agriculture” (ch. III, l. III, “De l’exploitation patriarcale”—the patriarchal exploitation of the land. Book III treats of “territorial” or land wealth):</div>
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“The first owners of land were themselves tillers, all the field work was done by the labour of their children and their servants. No social organisation[2] guarantees more happiness and more virtue to the most numerous class of the nation, a larger prosperity (opulence ) to all, greater stability to the public order. . . . In those countries where the farmer is the owner (où le fermier est propriétaire ) and where the produce belongs entirely (sans partage ) to the people who perform all the work, i.e, in those countries whose agriculture we call patriarchal, we see at every step signs of the tiller’s love for the house in which he lives, for the land which he tills. . . . Work itself is a pleasure to him. . . . In those happy countries where agriculture is patriarchal, the particular nature of every field is studied, and this knowledge is passed on from father to son. . . . Large scale farming, directed by richer men, will perhaps rise above prejudice and routine. But knowledge (l’intelligence, i.e., knowledge of agriculture) will not reach the one who works and will be badly applied. . . . Patriarchal economy improves the morals and character of that numerous section of the nation which has to do all the work in the fields. Property cultivates habits of order and frugality, constant abundance destroys the taste for gluttony (gourmandise ) and intemperance. . . . Entering into exchange almost exclusively with nature he” (the tiller) “has less reason than any industrial worker to distrust men and to resort to the weapon of dishonesty against them” (I, 165-70). “The first farmers were simple labourers; they themselves performed the hulk of the agricultural work; they kept the size of their enterprises commensurate with the working capacity of their families. . . . They did not cease to be peasants: they themselves followed the plough (tiennent eux-mêmes les cornes de leur charrue ); they themselves tended their cattle, both in the fields and in the barns, they lived in the pure air and got accustomed to constant labour and to modest food, which create sturdy citizens and stalwart soldiers.[3] They hardly ever employed day labourers to work with them, but only servants (des domestiques ), always chosen from among their equals, whom they treated as equals, who ate with them at the same table, drink the same wine and wear the same kind of clothes as they did. Thus, the farmers and their servants constituted one class of peasants, inspired by the same feelings, sharing the same pleasures, subjected to the same influences and bound to their country by the same ties” (I, 221).</div>
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Here, then, you have the famous “people’s production”! Let it not be said that Sismondi does not understand the need to unite the producers: he says plainly (see below) that “he too” (like Fourier, Owen, Thompson and Muiron) “wants association” (II, 365). Let it not be said that he stands for property: on the contrary, he places the weight of emphasis on small economy (cf. II, 355) and not upon small property. It goes without saying that this idealisation of small peasant economy looks different under different historical and social conditions. But there can be no doubt that it is small peasant economy that is glorified by both romanticism and Narodism.</div>
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Similarly, Sismondi idealises primitive artisan production and guilds.</div>
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“The village shoemaker, who is at once merchant, factory owner and worker, will not make a single pair of shoes without an order” (II, 262), whereas capitalist manufacture, not knowing the demand, may suffer bankruptcy. “Undoubtedly, from both the theoretical and the factual standpoint, the institution of guilds (corps de métier ) prevented, and was bound to prevent, the formation of a surplus population. It is also beyond doubt that such a population exists at the present time, and that it is the necessary result of the present system” (I, 431). Many more excerpts of a similar nature could be quoted, but we shall postpone our examination of Sismondi’s practical recipes until later. Here let us confine ourselves to what we have quoted in order to probe Sismondi’s point of view. The arguments we have quoted may be summed up as follows: 1) money economy is condemned for destroying the small producers’ security and the close relations among them (in the shape of the nearness of the artisan to his customers, or of the tiller to other tillers, his equals); 2) small production is extolled for ensuring the independence of the producer and eliminating the contradictions of capitalism.</div>
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Let us note that both these ideas constitute an essential part of Narodism,[4] and endeavour to probe their meaning.</div>
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The criticism of money economy by the romanticists and the Narodniks amounts to the following: it points to the fruits of that economy—individualism[5] and antagonism (competition), and also the producer’s insecurity and the instability of the social economy.[6]</div>
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First about “individualism.” Usually, the contrast is made between the association of the peasants in a given community, or of the artisans (or the handicraftsmen) of a given craft, and capitalism, which destroys the ties that bind them, and puts competition in their place. This argument is a repetition of the typical error of romanticism, namely: the conclusion that since capitalism is torn by contradictions it is not a higher form of social organisation. Does not capitalism, which destroys the medieval village community, guild, artel and similar ties, substitute others for them? Is not commodity economy already a tie between the producers, a tie established by the market?[7] The antagonistic character of this tie, which is full of fluctuations and contradictions, gives one no right to deny its existence. And we know that it is the development of contradictions that with ever-growing force reveals the strength of this tie, compels all the individual elements and classes of society to strive to unite, and to unite no longer within the narrow limits of one village community, or of one district, but to unite all the members of the given class in a whole nationand even in different countries. Only a romanticist, with his reactionary point of view, can deny the existence of these ties and their deeper importance, which is based on the common role played in the national economy and not upon territorial, professional, religious and other such interests. If arguments of this kind earned the name of romanticist for Sismondi, who wrote at a time when these new ties engendered by capitalism were still in the embryo, all the more do our Narodniks deserve such an estimation; for today, the enormous importance of these ties can only be denied by those who are totally blind.</div>
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As regards insecurity and instability, and so forth, that is the same old song we dealt with when discussing the foreign market. Attacks of this kind betray the romanticist who fearfully condemns precisely that which scientific theory values most in capitalism: its inherent striving for development, its irresistible urge onwards, its inability to halt or to reproduce the economic processes in their former, rigid dimensions. Only a utopian who concocts fantastic plans for spreading medieval associations (such as the village community) to the whole of society can ignore the fact that it is the “instability” of capitalism that is an enormously progressive factor, one which accelerates social development, draws larger and larger masses of the population into the whirlpool of social life, compels them to ponder over its structure, and to “forge their happiness” with their own hands.</div>
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Mr. N.–on’s phrases about the “instability” of capitalist economy, about the lack of proportion in the development of exchange, about the disturbance of the balance between industry and agriculture, between production and consumption, about the abnormality of crises, and so forth, testify beyond all doubt to the fact that he still shares the viewpoint of romanticism to the full. Hence, the criticism of European romanticism applies word for word to his theory too. Here is the proof:</div>
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“Let us hear what old Boisguillebert says:</div>
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“’The price of commodities,’ he says, ’must always be proportionate; for it is such mutual understanding alone that can enable them to reciprocally give birth to one another. . . . As wealth, then, is nothing but this continual intercourse between man and man, craft and craft, etc., it is a frightful blindness to go looking for the cause of misery elsewhere than in the cessation of such traffic brought about by a disturbance of proportion in prices.’</div>
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“Let us listen also to a modern[8] economist:</div>
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“’The great law as necessary to be affixed to production, that is, the law of proportion, which alone can preserve the continuity of value. . . . The equivalent must be guaranteed. . . . All nations have attempted, at various periods of their history, by instituting numerous commercial regulations and restrictions, to effect, in some degree, the object here explained. . . . But the natural and inherent selfishness of man . . . has urged him to break down all such regulations. Proportionate Production is the realisation of the entire truth of the Science of Social Economy’ (W. Atkinson, Principles of Political Economy, London, 1840. pp. 170 and 195).</div>
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“Fuit Troja![9] This true proportion between supply and demand, which is beginning once more to be the object of so many wishes, ceased long ago to exist. It has passed into the stage of senility. It was possible only at a time when the means of production were limited, when the movement of exchange took place within very restricted bounds. With the birth of large-scale industry this true proportion had to (musste ) come to an end, and production is inevitably compelled to pass in continuous succession through vicissitudes of prosperity, depression, crisis, stagnation, renewed prosperity, and so on.</div>
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“Those who, like Sismondi, wish to return to the true proportion of production, while preserving the present basis of society, are reactionary, since, to be consistent, they must also wish to bring back all the other conditions of industry of former times.</div>
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“What kept production in true, or more or less true, proportions? It was demand that dominated supply, that preceded it. Production followed close on the heels of consumption. Large-scale industry, forced by the very instruments at its disposal to produce on an ever-increasing scale, can no longer wait for demand. Production precedes consumption, supply compels demand.</div>
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“In existing society, in industry based on individual exchange, anarchy of production, which is the source of so much misery, is at the same time the source of all progress.</div>
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“Thus, one or the other: either you want the true proportions of past centuries with present-day means of production, in which case you are both reactionary and utopian.</div>
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“Or, you want progress without anarchy: in which case, in order to preserve the productive forces, you must abandon individual exchange” (Das Elend der Philosophie, S. 46–48).[15]</div>
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The last words apply to Proudhon, with whom the author is polemising, thus formulating the difference between his own viewpoint and the views both of Sismondi and of Proudhon. Mr. N.–on would not, of course, approximate to either one or the other in all his views.[10] But look into the content of the passage given. What is the main thesis of the author we have quoted, his basic idea, which brings him into irreconcilable opposition to his predecessors? Undoubtedly, it is that he places the question of the instability of capitalism (which all these three authors admit) on a historica plane and regards this instability as a progressive factor. In other words: he recognises, firstly, that existing capitalist development, which proceeds through disproportion, crises, etc., is necessary development, and says that the very character of the means of production (machines) gives rise to the desire for an unlimited expansion of production and the constant anticipation of demand by supply. Secondly, he recognises elements of progress in this development, which are: the development of the productive forces, socialisation of labour within the bounds of the whole of society, increased mobility of the population and the growth of its consciousness, and so forth. These two points exhaust the difference between him and Sismondi and Proudhon, who agree with him in indicating the “instability” of capitalism and the contradictions it engenders, and in their sincere desire to eliminate these contradictions Their failure to understand that this “instability” is a necessary feature of all capitalism and commodity economy in general brought them to utopia. Their failure to understand the elements of progress inherent in this instability makes their theories reactionary.[11]</div>
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And now we invite Messrs. the Narodniks to answer this question: Does Mr. N.–on agree with the views of scientific theory on the two points mentioned? Does he regard in stability as a characteristic of the present system, and of present-day development? Does he admit the existence of elements of progress in this instability? Everybody knows that he does not, that, on the contrary, Mr. N.–on proclaims this “instability” of capitalism to be simply an abnormality, a digression, and so forth, and regards it as decadence, retrogression (cf. above: “robs of stability”) and idealises that very economic stagnation (recall the “age-old foundations,” “time-hallowed principles,” and so forth) whose destruction is the historical merit of “unstable” capitalism. It is clear, therefore, that we were quite right in including him among the romanticists and that no “quotations” and “references” on his part will change this character of his own arguments.</div>
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We shall deal again with this “instability” later (in connection with the hostility of romanticism and Narodism to the diminution of the agricultural population to the advantage of the industrial population); at present let us quote a passage from A Critique of Some of the Propositions of Political Economy in which the sentimental attacks on money economy are examined.</div>
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“These definite social functions” (namely, of the seller and buyer) “are no outgrowths of human nature, but are the products of exchange relations between men who produce their goods in the form of commodities. They are so far from being purely individual relations between buyer and seller that both enter into these relations only to the extent that their individual labour is disregarded and is turned in to money as labour of no individual. Therefore, just as it is childish to regard these bourgeois economic roles of buyer and seller as eternal social forms of human individuality, so it is, on the other hand, preposterous to lament over them as the cause of the extinction of individuality.</div>
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“How deeply some beautiful souls are wounded by the merely superficial aspect of the antagonism which asserts itself in buying and selling may be seen from the following abstract from M. Isaac Pereire’s Leçons sur l’industrie et les finances, Paris, 1832. The fact that the same Isaac in his capacity of inventor and dictator of the ‘Crédit mobilier’[12] has acquired the reputation of the wolf of the Paris Bourse shows what lurks behind the sentimental criticism of economics. Says M. Pereire, at the time an apostle of Saint-Simon: ‘Since individuals are isolated and separated from one another both in their labours and in consumption, exchange takes place between them in the products of their respective industries. From the necessity of exchange arises the necessity of determining the relative value of things. The ideas of value and exchange are thus intimately connected and both express in their actual form individualism and antagonism. . . . The determination of values of products takes place only because there are sales and purchases, or, to put it differently, because there is an antagonism between different members of society. One has to occupy himself with price and value only where there is sale and purchase, that is to say, where every individual is obliged to struggle to procure for himself the objects necessary for the maintenance of his existence’” (op. cit., p. 68).[16]</div>
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The question is: wherein lies Pereire’s sentimentality? He talks only about the individualism, antagonism and conflict inherent in capitalism, he says the very thing our Narodniks say in different keys, and, moreover, they seem to be speaking the truth, because “individualism, antagonism and conflict” are indeed necessary attributes of exchange, of commodity production. His sentimentality lies in that this Saint-Simonist, carried away by his condemnation of the contradictions of capitalism, fails to discern behind these contradictions the fact that exchange also expresses a special form of social economy, that it, consequently, not only disunites (it does that only in respect of the medieval associations, which capitalism destroys), but also unites men, compelling them to enter into intercourse with each other through the medium of the market.[13] It was this superficial understanding, caused by their eagerness to “trounce” capitalism (from the utopian point of view) that gave the above quoted author occasion to call Pereire’s criticism sentimental.</div>
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But why should we worry about Pereire, the long-for gotten apostle of long-forgotten Saint-Simonism? Would it not be better to take the modern “apostle” of Narodism?</div>
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“Production ... was robbed of its popular character and assumed an individual, capitalist character” (Mr. N.–on, Sketches, pp. 321-22).</div>
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You see how this disguised romanticist argues: “people’s production became individual production.” And as by “people’s production” the author wants to imply the village community,[17] he points to the decline of the social character of production, to the shrinking of the social form of production.</div>
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But is that so? The “village community” provided (if it did provide; but we are ready to make any concession to the author) for organised production only in the one individual community, isolated from all the other communities. The social character of production embraced only the members of the one village community.[14] Capitalism, however, gives production a social character in a whole country. “Individualism” means the destruction of social ties; but these ties are destroyed by the market, which replaces them by ties between masses of individuals who are not bound together by a village community, a social estate, a given trade, the restricted area of a given industry, etc. The tie created by capitalism manifests itself in the form of contradictions and antagonism, and therefore, our romanticist refuses to see this tie (although the village community, too, as a form of organisation of production never existed without the other forms of contradictions and antagonism inherent in the old modes of production).The utopian point of view transforms his criticism of capitalism, as well, into a sentimental one.</div>
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Notes</div>
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[1] As capitalism develops, agriculture always and everywhere, lags behind commerce and industry, it is always subordinate to them and is exploited by them and it is always drawn by them, only later on, onto the path of capitalist production. —Lenin</div>
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[2] Note that Sismondi—exactly like our Narodniks—at once transformed the peasants’ independent economy into a “social organisation.” Obvious juggling. What is it that links together these peasants from different localities? The division of social labour and the commodity economy that superseded feudal ties. We at once see the elevation of one division of the commodity-economy system to utopian heights and the failure to understand the other divisions. Compare this with what Mr. N.–on says on p. 322: “The form of industry based on the ownership of the instruments of production by the peasantry.” Mr. N.–on does not even suspect that this ownership of the instruments of production by the peasantry is—historically and logically—the starting-point of that same capitalist production! —Lenin</div>
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[3] Reader, compare with these honeyed grandmother’s tales the statements of the “progressive” publicist of the late nineteenth century whom Mr. Struve cites in his Critical Remarks, p. 17.[18] —Lenin</div>
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[4] On this question, too, Mr. N.–on is guilty of such a heap of contradictions that one can choose from them any number of propositions in no way connected with each other. But there can be no doubt about his idealisation of peasant economy by the use of the hazy term “people’s production.” A haze is a particularly suitable atmosphere in which to don all sorts of disguises. —Lenin</div>
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[5] Cf. N.–on, p. 321, in f. (in fine—at the end. —Ed.) and others. —Lenin</div>
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[6] Ibid., 335. P. 184: capitalism “robs of stability.” And many others. —Lenin</div>
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[7] “In actual fact, society, association are denominations which can be given to every society, to feudal society as well as to bourgeois society, which is association founded on competition. How then can there be writers, who, by the single word association think they can refute competition?” (Marx, Das Elend der Philosophie.)[19] Sharply criticising the sentimental condemnation of competition, the author plainly stresses its progressive aspect, its driving force, which promotes “technical progress and social progress.” —Lenin</div>
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[8] Written in 1847. —Lenin</div>
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[9] Troy is no more! —Ed.</div>
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[10] Although it is a big question as to why he would not do so. Is it not only because these authors raised problems on a wider plane, having in mind the existing economic system in general, its place and significance in the development of the whole of mankind, and did not limit their outlook to one country, for which one may supposedly invent a special theory? —Lenin</div>
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[11] This term is employed in its historico-philosophical sense, describing only the error of the theoreticians who take models for their theories from obsolete forms of society. It does not apply at all to the personal qualities of these theoreticians, or to their programmes. Everybody knows that neither Sismondi nor Proudhon were reactionaries in the ordinary sense of the term. We are explaining these elementary truths because, as we shall see below, the Narodnik gentlemen have not grasped them to this day. —Lenin</div>
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[12] A bank which grants loans on the security of movable property . —Ed.</div>
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[13] Substituting unity along the lines of social status and social interests of a whole country, and even of the whole world, for local and social-estate associations. —Lenin</div>
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[14] According to the Zemstvo statistics (Blagoveshchensky’s Combined Returns), the average size of a village community, for 123 uyezds in 22 gubernias, is 53 households, with a population of 323 of both sexes. —Lenin</div>
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[18] ”Progressive” publicist of the late nineteenth century is an ironical reference to the liberal Narodnik S. N. Yuzhakov. An extract from his article “Problems of Hegemony at the End of the Nineteenth Century,” published in Russkaya Mysl (Russian Thought ), Nos. 3-4, 1885, was quoted by P. B. Struve.</div>
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[19] Karl Marx, Poverty of Philosophy, Moscow, pp. 167-68. Because of the censorship Lenin substituted the word “writers” for “socialists” (in the German original—Sozialisten).</div>
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[15] [PLACEHOLDER.]</div>
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[16] Karl Marx, Zur Kritik der politischen Ökonomie, Moskau-Leningrad, 1934, S. 85.</div>
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[17] The village (land) community (obshchina or mir) in Russia was the communal form of peasant use of the land, characterised by compulsory crop rotation, and undivided woods and pastures. Its principal features were collective responsibility, the periodical redistribution of the land with no right to refuse the allotment given, and prohibition of its purchase and sale.</div>
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The Russian village community dates back to ancient times, and in the course of historical development gradually became one of the mainstays of feudalism in Russia. The landlords and the tsarist government used the village community to intensify feudal oppression and to squeeze land redemption payments and taxes out of the people. Lenin pointed out that the village community “does not save the peasant from turning into a proletarian; actually it serves as a medieval barrier dividing the peasants, who are as if chained to small associations and to categories which have lost all ‘reason for existence’.” (V. I. Lenin, The Agrarian Question in Russia Towards the Close of the Nineteenth Century. See present edition, Vol. 15).</div>
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The problem of the village community aroused heated arguments and brought an extensive economic literature into existence. Particularly great interest in the village community was displayed by the Narodniks, who saw in it the guarantee of Russia’s socialist evolution by a special path. By tendentiously gathering and falsifying facts and employing so-called “average figures,” the Narodniks sought to prove that the community peasantry in Russia possessed a special sort of “steadfastness,” and that the peasant community protected the peasants against the penetration of capitalist relations into their lives, and “saved” them from ruin and class differentiation. As early as the 1880s G. V. Plekhanov showed that the Narodnik illusions about “community socialism” were unfounded and in the 1890s Lenin completely refuted the Narodnik theories. Lenin made use of a tremendous amount of statistical material and countless facts to show how capitalist relations were developing in the Russian village, and how capital, by penetrating into the patriarchal village community, was splitting the peasantry into two antagonistic classes, the kulaks and the poor peasants.</div>
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In 1906 tsarist minister Stolypin issued a law favouring the kulaks that allowed peasants to leave the community and to sell their allotments. This law laid the basis for the official abolition of the village community system and intensified the differentiation among the peasantry. In nine years following the adoption of the law, over two million peasant families withdrew from the communities.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2819890919646080071.post-28957162581975862862017-10-22T08:12:00.002-07:002017-10-22T08:12:23.556-07:00THE THREE SOURCES AND THREE COMPONENT PARTS OF MARXISM<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Throughout the civilised world the teachings of Marx evoke the utmost hostility and hatred of all bourgeois science (both official and liberal), which regards Marxism as a kind of "pernicious sect". And no other attitude is to be expected, for there can be no "impartial" social science in a society based on class struggle. In one way or another, all official and liberal science defends wage-slavery, whereas Marxism has declared relentless war on that slavery. To expect science to be impartial in a wage-slave society is as foolishly naïve as to expect impartiality from manufacturers on the question of whether workers' wages ought not to be increased by decreasing the profits of capital.</div>
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But this is not all. The history of philosophy and the history of social science show with perfect clarity that there is nothing resembling "sectarianism" in Marxism, in the sense of its being a hidebound, petrified doctrine, a doctrine which arose away from the high road of the development of world civilisation. On the contrary, the genius of Marx consists precisely in his having furnished answers to questions already raised by the foremost minds of mankind. His doctrine emerged as the direct and immediate continuation of the teachings of the greatest representatives of philosophy, political economy and socialism.</div>
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The Marxist doctrine is omnipotent because it is true. It is comprehensive and harmonious, and provides men with an integral world outlook irreconcilable with any form of superstition, reaction, or defence of bourgeois oppression. It is the legitimate successor to the best that man produced in the nineteenlh century, as represented by German philosophy, English political economy and French socialism.</div>
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It is these three sources of Marxism, which are also its component parts, that we shall outline in brief.I</div>
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The philosophy of Marxism is materialism. Throughout the modern history of Europe, and especially at the end of the eighteenth century in France, where a resolute struggle was cunducted against every kind of medieval rubbish, against serfdom in institutions and ideas, materialism has proved to be the only philosophy that is consistent, true to all the teachings of natural science and hostile to superstition, cant and so forth. The enemies of democracy have, therefore, always exerted all their efforts to "refute", undermine and defame materialism, and have advocated various forms of philosophical idealism, which always, in one way or another, amounts to the defence or support of religion.</div>
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Marx and Engels defended philosophical materialism in the most determined manner and repeatedly explaincd how profoundly erroneous is every deviation from this basis. Their views are most clearly and fully expounded in the works of Engels, Ludwig Feuerbach and Anti-Dühring, which, like the Communist Manifesto, are handbooks for every class-conscious worker.</div>
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But Marx did not stop at eighteenth-century materialism: he developed philosophy to a higher level. He enriched it with the achievements of German classical philosophy, especially of Hegel's system, which in its turn had led to the materialism of Feuerbach. The main achievement was dialectics, i.e., the doctrine of development in its fullest, deepest and most comprehensive form, the doctrine of the relativity of the human knowledge that provides us with a reflection of eternally developing matter. The latest discoveries of natural science -- radium, electrons, the transmutation of elements -- have been a remarkable confirmation of Marx 's dialectical materialism despite the teachings of the bourgeois philosophers with their "new" reversions to old and decadent idealism.</div>
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Marx deepened and developed philosophical materialism to the full, and extended the cognition of nature to include recognition of human society. His historical materialism was a great achievement in scientific thinking. The chaos and arbitrariness that had previously reigned in views on history and politics were replaced by a strikingly integral and harmonious scientific theory, which shows how, in consequence of the growth of productive forces, out of one system of social life another and higher system develops -- how capitalism, for instance, grows out of feudalism.</div>
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Just as man's knowledge reflects nature (i.e., developing matter), which exists independently of him, so man's social knowledge (i.e., his various views and doctrines -- philosophical, religious, political and so forth) reflects the economic system of society. Political institutions are a superstructure on the economic foundation. We see, for example, that the various political forms of the modern European states serve to strengthen the domination of the bourgeoisie over the proletariat.</div>
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Marx's philosophy is a consummate philosophical materialism which has provided mankind, and especially the working class, with powerful instruments of knowledge;II</div>
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Having recognised that the economic system is the foundation on which the political superstructure is erected, Marx devoted his greatest attention to the study of this economic system. Marx's principal work, Capital, is devoted to a study of the economic system of modern, i.e., capitalist, society.</div>
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Classical political economy, before Marx, evolved in England, the most developed of the capitalist countries. Adam Smith and David Ricardo, by their investigations of the economic system, laid the foundations of the labour theory of value. Marx continued their work; he provided a proof of the theory and developed it consistently. He showed that the value of every commodity is determined by the quantity of socially necessary labour time spent on its production.</div>
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Where the bourgeois economists saw a relation between things (the exchange of one commodity for another) Marx revealed a relation between people. The exchange of commodities expresses the connection between individual producers through the market. Money signifies that the connection is becoming closer and closer, inseparably uniting the entire economic life of the individual producers into one whole. Capital signifies a further development of this connection: man's labour-power becomes a commodity. The wage-worker sells his labour-power to the owner of land, factories and instruments of labour. The worker spends one part of the day covering the cost of maintaining himself and his family (wages), while the other part of the day he works without remuneration, creating for the capitalist surplus-value, the source of profit, the source of the wealth of the capitalist class.</div>
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The doctrine of surplus-value is the corner-stone of Marx's economic theory.</div>
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Capital, created by the labour of the worker, crushes the worker, ruining small proprietors and creating an army of unemployed. In industry, the victory of large-scale production is immediately apparent, but the same phenomenon is also to be observed in agriculture, where the superiority of large-scale capitalist agriculture is enhanced, the use of machinery increases and the peasant economy, trapped by money-capital, declines and falls into ruin under the burden of its backward technique. The decline of small-scale production assumes different forms in agriculture, but the decline ilself is an indisputable fact.</div>
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By destroying small-scale production, capital leads to an increase in productivity of labour and to the creation of a monopoly position for the associations of big capitalists. Production itself becomes more and more social -- hundreds of thousands and millions of workers become bound together in a regular economic organism -- but the product of this collective labour is appropriated by a handful of capitalists. Anarchy of production, crises, the furious chase after markets and the insecurity of existence of the mass of the population are intensified.</div>
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By increasing the dependence of the workers on capilal, the capitalist system creates the great power of united labour.</div>
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Marx traced the development of capitalism from embryonic commodity economy, from simple exchange, to its highest forms, to large-scale production.</div>
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And the experience of all capitalist countries, old and new, year by year demonstrates clearly the truth of this Marxian doctrine to increasing numbers of workers.</div>
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Capitalism has triumphed all over the world, but this triumph is only the prelude to the triumph of labour over capital.III</div>
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When feudalism was overthrown and "free " capitalist society appeared in the world, it at once became apparent that this freedom meant a new system of oppression and exploitation of the working people. Various socialist doctrines immediately emerged as a reflection of and protest against this oppression. Early socialism, however, was utopiansocialism. It criticised capitalist society, it condemned and damned it, it dreamed of its destruction, it had visions of a better order and endeavoured to convince the rich of the immorality of exploitation.</div>
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But utopian socialism could not indicate the real solution. It could not explain the real nature of wage-slavery under capitalism, it could not reveal the laws of capitalist develop ment, or show what social force is capable of becoming the creator of a new society.</div>
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Meanwhile, the stormy revolutions which everywhere in Europe, and especially in France, accompanied the fall of feudalism, of serfdom, more and more clearly revealed the struggle of classes as the basis and the driving force of all development.</div>
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Not a single victory of political freedom over the feudal class was won except against desperate resistance. Not a single capitalist country evolved on a more or less free and democratic basis except by a life-and-death struggle between the various classes of capitalist society.</div>
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The genius of Marx lies in his having been the first to deduce from this the lesson world history teaches and to apply that lesson consistently. The deduction he made is the doctrine of the class struggle.</div>
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People always have been the foolish victims of deception and self-deception in politics, and they always will be until they have learnt to seek out the interests of some class or other behind all moral, religious, political and social phrases, declarations and promises. Champions of reforms and improvements will always be fooled by the defenders of the old order until they realise that every old institution, however barbarous and rotten it may appear to be, is kept going by the forces of certain ruling classes. And there is only one way of smashing the resistance of those classes, and that is to find, in the very society which surrounds us, the forces which can -- and, owing to their social position, must -- constitute the power capable of sweeping away the old and creating the new, and to enlighten and organise those forces for the struggle.</div>
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Marx 's philosophical materialism alone has shown the proletariat the way out of the spiritual slavery in which all oppressed classes have hitherto languished. Marx 's economic theory alone has explained the true position of the proletariat in the general system of capitalism.</div>
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Independent organisations of the proletariat are multiplying all over the world, from America to Japan and from Sweden to South Africa. The proletariat is becoming enlightened and educated by waging its class struggle; it is ridding itself of the prejudices of bourgeois society; it is rallying its ranks ever more closely and is learning to gauge the measure of its successes; it is steeling its forces and is growing irresistibly.NOTES</div>
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[3] This article was published in 1913 in Prosveshcheniye No. 3, dedicated to the Thirtieth Anniversary of Marx's death. </div>
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Prosveshcheniye (Enlightenment ) was a Bolshevik social, political and literary monthly published legally in St. Petersburg from December 1911 onwards. Its inauguration was proposed by Lenin to replace the Bolshevik journal Mysl (Thought), a Moscow publication banned by the tsarist government. Lenin directed the work of the journal from abroad and wrote the following articles for it: "Fundamental Problems of the Election Campaign", "Results of the Election", "<a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CRNQ13.html">Critical Remarks on the National Question</a>", "<a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RNSD14.html">The Right of Nations to Self-Determination</a>", and others. </div>
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The journal was suppressed by the tsarist government in June</div>
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1914, on the eve of the First World War. Publication was resumed in the autumn of 1917 but only one double number appeared; this number contained two articles by Lenin: "Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power?" and "A Review of the Party Programme"</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2819890919646080071.post-38264086433942389072017-04-14T13:54:00.000-07:002017-10-20T22:13:44.547-07:00A QUESTION OF PRINCIPLE "FORGOTTEN WORDS" OF DEMOCRACY V. I. Lenin<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Collected Works, 4th English Edition, Vol. 24, pp. 536-38.</div>
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The filthy torrent of lies and slander which the capitalist papers have spewed out against the Kronstadt comrades has revealed once more how dishonest these papers are. They have seized on a quite ordinary and unimportant incident and magnified it to the dimensions of a "state" affair, of "secession" from Russia and so on and so forth.</div>
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Izvestia of the Petrograd Soviet No. 74 reports that the Kronstadt incidentt has been settled. As was to have been expected, Ministers Tsereteli and Skobelev easily came to an understanding with the Kronstadt people on the basis of a compromise resolution. Needless to say, we express our hope and confidence that this compromise resolution, provided both sides faithfully live up to it, will, for a sufficiently lengthy period of time, eliminate conflicts in the work of the revolution both in Kronstadt and the rest of Russia.</div>
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The Kronstadt incident is a matter of principle to us in two respects.</div>
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First, it has revealed a fact long ago observed by us and officially recognised in our Party's resolution (on the Soviets), namely, that in the local areas the revolution has gone farther than it has in Petrograd. Succumbing to the current craze for the revolutionary phrase, the Narodniks and Mensheviks as well as the Cadets did not wish to or could not grasp the significance of this fact.</div>
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Secondly, the Kronstadt incident raised an important fundamental issue of programmatic significance, which no honest democrat, to say nothing of a socialist, can afford to treat with indifference. It is the question of whether the central authority has the right to endorse officials elected by the local population or not.</div>
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The Mensheviks, to whose party Ministers Tsereteli and Skobelev belong, still claim to be Marxists. Tsereteli and Skobelev got a resolution passed in favour of such endorsement. In doing so, did they stop to think of their duty as Marxists?</div>
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Should the reader find this question naïve and pass a remark to the effect that the Mensheviks now have really become a petty-bourgeois, even defencist (i.e., chauvinist) party, and therefore it would be ludicrous even to talk about Marxism, we shall not argue the point. All we shall say is that Marxism always gives close attention to questions of democratism, and the name of democrats can hardly be denied to citizens Tsereteli and Skobelev.</div>
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Did they stop to think of their duty as democrats, of their "title" as democrats, when they passed the resolution authorising the Provisional Government to "endorse" officials elected by the Kronstadt population?</div>
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Obviously, they did not.</div>
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In support of this conclusion, we shall quote the opinlon of a writer who, we hope, even in the eyes of Tsereteli and Skobelev, is considered something of a scientific and Marxian authority. That writer is Frederick Engels.</div>
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In criticising the draft programme of the German Social-Democrats (now known as the Erfurt Programme) Engels wrote in 1891 that the German proletariat was in need of a single and united republic.</div>
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"But not," Engels added, "such a republic as the present French Republic, which is really an empire founded in 1798 but without an emperor. From 1792 to 1798 every French department, every commune enjoyed complete self-government after the American pattern. That is what we [the German Social-Democrats] should have too. How self-government can be organised and how a bureaucracy can be dispensed with has been demonstrated to us by America and the First French Republic, as well as by Australia, Canada and other British colonies even today. Such provincial and communal self-government is much freer than, for instance, Swiss federalism, where each canton is really independent of the confederation [i.e., the central government] but at the same time is the supreme authority as far as the minor subdivisions of the canton are concerned -- the Bezirk and the Commune. The cantonal governments appoint the Bezirkestatthalter and Prefects. This right of appointing local officers is entirely unknown in English-speaking countries, and in future we must politely abolish this right [i.e., appointment from above], just as we should the Prussian Landräthe and Regierungräthe."[125]</div>
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Such was Engels's opinion on questions of democracy as applied to the right of appointing officers from above. To express these views with greater precision and accuracy, he proposed that the German Social-Democrats should insert in their programme the following demand:</div>
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"Complete self-government in the communes, districts, and regions through officers elected by universal suffrage; abolition of all state-appointed local and regional authorities."</div>
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The italicised words leave nothing to be desired in the way of clarity and definiteness.</div>
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Worthy citizens, Ministers Tsereteli and Skobelev! You are probably flattered to have your names mentioned in history books. But will it be flattering to have every Marxist -- and every honest democrat -- say that Ministers Tsereteii and Skobelev helped the Russian capitalists to build such a republic in Russia as would turn out to be not a republic at all, but a monarchy without a monarch ?</div>
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P.S. This article was written before the Kronstadt incident entered its last stage, as reported in today's papers. The Kronstadt people have not broken the compromise agreement. Not a single fact remotely suggesting a breach of this agreement has been cited. Rech 's reference to newspaper articles is mere subterfuge, since you canj only break an agreement by deeds and not by newspaper articles. The fact then remains, that Ministers Tsereteli, Skobelev and Co. have allowed themselves to be scared for the hundredth and thousandth time by the screams of the frightened bourgeoisie and have resorted to gross threats against the people of Kronstadt. Crude, absurd threats, that merely serve the counter-revolution.</div>
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NOTES</div>
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[125] This is a quotation from Engels's "Zur Kritik des sozialdemokratischen Programmentwurfes 1891" (See Neue Zeit, Jg. 20, I. Bd., Stuttgart, S. 12). </div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2819890919646080071.post-2441826639475750112017-03-27T19:45:00.000-07:002017-04-09T15:01:26.690-07:00Works<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2819890919646080071.post-64387926912303284232017-03-27T19:43:00.000-07:002017-03-27T19:43:44.208-07:00Works 1905 - 1907 <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1905--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/GDPA05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Good Demonstrations of Proletarians and Poor Arguments of Certain Intellectuals</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TCH05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Time to Call a Halt</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FPA05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Fall of Port Arthur</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/workers%20%20wrking%20class/WCBD05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Working-Class and Bourgeois Democracy</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FNM05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">From Narodism to Marxism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">. Article One </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SPS05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The St. Petersburg Strike</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/BRR05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Beginning of the Revolution in Russia</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RD05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Revolutionary Days</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/BOS05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Brief Outline of the Split in the R.S.D.L.P.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MAU05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Militant Agreement for the Uprising</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PLC05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Plan of a Lecture on the Commune</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PP05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Proletariat and the Peasantry</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HPP05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the History of the Party Programme</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OAP05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On Our Agrarian Program</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ECA05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">European Capital and the Autocracy</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SDPRG05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Social-Democracy and the Provisional Revolutionary Government</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RDDP05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Revolutionary-Democratic Dictatorship of the Proletariat and the Peasantry</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Liberalism%20Revisionism/APL05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Agrarian Program of the Liberals</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MAGR05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Marx on the American "General Redistribution"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TCMP05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Constitutional Market-Place</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TC05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Third Congress of the R.S.D.L.P.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PS05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Political Sophisms</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RTC05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Report on the Third Congress of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HCC05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">How the Congress Was Constituted</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TTC05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Third Congress</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PRG05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the Provisional Revolutionary Government</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RSLB05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Revolutionary Struggle and Liberal Brokerage</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TJW05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Jewish Workers</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NRWA05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A New Revolutionary Workers' Association</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DTRP05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Democratic Tasks of the Revolutionary Proletariat</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FSBB05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The First Steps of Bourgeois Betrayal</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ARPS05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The All-Russia Political Strike</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FRPA05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The First Results of the Political Alignment</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HD05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Hysterics of the Defeated</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PBPS05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Petty-Bourgeois and Proletarian Socialism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OTSWD05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Our Tasks and the Soviet of Workers' Deputies</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ROP05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Reorganisation of the Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PP05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Proletariat and the Peasantry</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/POPL05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Party Organisation and Party Literature</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SA05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Socialism and Anarchism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SPNPR05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Socialist Party and Non-Party Revolutionism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SR05.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Socialism and Religion</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1906--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/WPTPS06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Workers' Party and Its Tasks in the Present Situation</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/BSD06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Should We Boycott the State Duma?</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SDSDT06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The State Duma and Social-Democratic Tactics</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PSTWP06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Present Situation in Russia and the Tactics of the Workers' Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RRTP06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Russian Revolution and the Tasks of the Proletariat</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TPUC06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Tactical Platform for the Unity Congress of the R.S.D.L.P.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RAP06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Revision of the Agrarian Program of the Workers' Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/VCTWP06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Victory of the Cadets and the Tasks of the Workers' Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/UC06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Unity Congress of the R.S.D.L.P.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RUC06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Report on the Unity Congress of the R.S.D.L.P.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CSU06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Congress Summed Up</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/workers%20%20wrking%20class/WGSD06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Workers' Group in the State Duma</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LQD06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Land Question in the Duma</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TRDD06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Talk and Rumours About the Dissolution of the State Duma</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/KSD06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Kautsky on the State Duma</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CTWP06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Cadets, Trudoviks and the Workers' Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HCPA06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">How Comrade Plekhanov Argues About Social-Democratic Tactics</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DDTP06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Dissolution of the Duma and the Tasks of the Proletariat</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TB06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Boycott</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PCOT06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Political Crisis and the Bankruptcy of Opportunist Tactics</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LMU06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Lessons of the Moscow Uprising</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/tactics/VT06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Vacillating Tactics</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SRM06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Socialist-Revolutionary Mensheviks</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NCDP06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A New Coup d'État in Preparation</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/GW06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Guerrilla Warfare</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CPP06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">An Attempt at a Classification of the Political Parties of Russia</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RRWAE06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Russian Radical Is Wise After the Event</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SDEA06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Social-Democrats and Electoral Agreements</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/BC06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Blocs with the Cadets</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/elections/WESD06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Whom to Elect to the State Duma</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CM06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Crisis of Menshevism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/GFD06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Government's Falsification of the Duma and the Tasks of the Social-Democrats</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LNC06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Preface</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> to the Russian Translation of W. Liebknecht's Pamphlet: No Compromises, No Electoral Agreements </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/KPRR06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Preface</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> to the Russian Translation of K. Kautsky's Pamphlet: The Driving Forces and Prospects of the Russian Revolution </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ABWP06.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Attitude of the Bourgeois Parties and of the Workers' Party to the Duma Elections</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1907--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PAV07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Plekhanov and Vasilyev</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/WPEC07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Workers' Party Election Campaign in St. Petersburg</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SDDE07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Social-Democrats and the Duma Election</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Liberalism%20Revisionism/WHJF07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">"When You Hear the Judgement of a Fool. . . ." -- Notes of a Social-Democratic Publicist</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SPEHM07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The St. Petersburg Elections and the Hypocrisy of the Thirty-One Mensheviks</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HVSPE07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">How to Vote in the St. Petersburg Elections</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SPECO07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The St. Petersburg Elections and the Crisis of Opportunism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/EWCSP07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Elections in the Worker Curia in St. Petersburg</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SSDSR07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Struggle Between S.D.'s and S.R.'s in the Elections in the Worker Curia in St. Petersburg</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PRTK07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Preface</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> to the Russian Translation of Karl Marx's Letters to Dr. Kugelmann </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TEC07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Tactics of the R.S.D.L.P. in the Election Campaign</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/EDTSD07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Elections to the Duma and the Tactics of the Russian Social-Democrats</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PRTL07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Preface</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> to the Russian Translation of Letters by Johannes Becker, Joseph Dietzen, Frederick Engels, Karl Marx, and Others to Friedrich Sorge and Others</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MMCC07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Apropos</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> of the Minutes of the November Military and Combat Conference of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FC07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Fifth Congress of the R.S.D.L.P.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ATBP07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Attitude Towards Bourgeois Parties</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Against%20boykot/AB07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Against Boycott. Notes of a Social-Democratic Publicist</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MCH07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">In Memory of Count Heyden</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ISCS07a.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [a] </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ISCS07b.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [b] </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PTY07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Preface</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> to the Collection Twelve Years </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PVTU07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Preface</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> to the Pamphlet by Voinov (A. V. Lunacharsky) on the Attitude of the Party Towards the Trade Unions </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/BWAJ07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">But Who Are the Judges?</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Agrarian%20Question%20%20and%20critique%20of%20Marx/AQCM07.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Agrarian Question and the "Critics of Marx"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [cont. from 1901] (139k)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Agrarian%20Program/APFR07NB.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Agrarian Programme of Social-Democracy in the First Russian Revolution, 1905-07</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (605k)</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2819890919646080071.post-69340664947306715822017-03-27T19:41:00.000-07:002017-03-27T19:43:10.463-07:00Works 1908 - 1913<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1908--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PN08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Political Notes</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SEP08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Statement of the Editors of Proletary</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NAP08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The New Agrarian Policy</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LC08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Lessons of the Commune</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PPD08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Police-Patriotic Demonstration Made to Order</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OSR08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the Straight Road</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ONRR08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the "Nature" of the Russian Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MR08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Marxism and Revisionism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ARR08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Assessment of the Russian Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Agrarian%20Question%20%20and%20critique%20of%20Marx/AQR08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Agrarian Question in Russia Towards the Close of the Nineteenth Century</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SFPC08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Some Features of the Present Collapse</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Agrarian%20Program/APSD08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Agrarian Programme of Social-Democracy in the Russian Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/IMWP08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Inflammable Material in World Politics</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FEB08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">From the Editorial Board</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TMRR08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Leo Tolstoy as the Mirror of the Russian Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MISB08html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Meeting of the International Socialist Bureau</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PMIH08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">P. Maslov in Hysterics</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RRM08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Remarks on the "Reply" by P. Maslov</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/APS08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Assessment of the Present Situation</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HPDR08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">How Plekhanov and Co. Defend Revisionism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TL08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Two Letters</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ADTD08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Agrarian Debates in the Third Duma</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FARPC08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Fifth (All-Russian) Conference of the R.S.D.L.P.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MEC08NB.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Materialism and Empirio-Criticism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (P)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1909--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SRSUR09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">How the Socialist-Revolutionaries Sum Up the Revolution and How the Revolution Has Summed Them Up</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (40k)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OR09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the Road</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/AQD09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the Article "Question of the Day"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/APS09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Aim of the Proletarian Struggle in Our Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Bolshevism/ACB09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Caricature of Bolshevism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/religion/APR09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Attitude of the Workers' Party to Religion</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CPAR09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Classes and Parties in Their Attitude to Religion and the Church</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CEBP09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Conference of the Extended Editorial Board of Proletary</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LL09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Liquidation of Liquidationism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LOSC09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Letter to the Organisers of the Party School on Capri</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LSCS09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Letter to Students at the Capri Party School</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LE09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Liquidators Exposed</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ESP09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Election in St. Petersburg</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SOGB09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Faction of Supporters of Otzovism and God-Building</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PNP09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Once More on Partyism and Non-Partyism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/WBSP.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Word to the Bolsheviks of St. Petersburg</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PCS09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To Pupils of the Capri School</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SF09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Shameful Fiasco</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SPID09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Some Sources of the Present Ideological Discord</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MLTB09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Methods of Liquidators and Party Tasks of the Bolsheviks</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CV09.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Concerning Vekhi</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1910--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/liquidationism%20Unity/VLAP10.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Golos (Voice ) of the Liquidators Against the Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1911--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RC11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Russian Collegium of the C.C.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Narodniks/AA11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Apropos of an Anniversary</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PRPPR11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The "Peasant Reform" and Proletarian-Peasant Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/WP11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Wreckers of the Party in the Role of "Wreckers of Legends"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CO11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Cadets and the Octobrists</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MC11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">In Memmory of the Commune</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SSSP11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Social Structure of State Power, the Prospects and Liquidationism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SR11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Stolypin and the Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NFC11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The New Faction of Conciliators, or the Virtuous</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ECEP11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Election Campaign and the Election Platform</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TC11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Two Centres</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HOM11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Hyndman on Marx</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LLPM11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Liberal Labour Party Manifesto</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SDSD11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Social-Democratic Group in the Second Duma</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SOWD11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Slogans and Organisation of Social-Democratic Work Inside and Outside the Duma</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CPC11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Climax of the Party Crisis</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CSLP11c.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">From the Camp of the Stolypin "Labour" Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TD11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Trotsky's Diplomacy and a Certain Party Platform</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RAT11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Results of the Arbitration of the "Trustees"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CEFD11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Campaign for the Elections to the Fourth Duma</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ON11b.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Old and New</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MBGA11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Meeting of the Bolshevik Groups Abroad</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FPEC11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Fundamental Problems of the Election Campaign</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CNC11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">First Exposure of Cadet Negotiations with the Cabinet</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TQ11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Three Questions</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FRD11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Famine and the Reactionary Duma</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1912--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SARC12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Sixth (Prague) All-Russian Conference of the R.S.D.L.P.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OLLP12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">An Organ of a Liberal Labour Policy</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/AUWL12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Against Unity -- With the Liquidators</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PPTD12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Political Parties in the Five Years of the Third Duma</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RSMW12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Results of Six Months' Work</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PSP12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Present Situation in the R.S.D.L.P.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OPPSP12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Original Postscript to the Pamphlet The Present Situation in the R.S.D.L.P.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/EEFD12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the Eve of the Elections to the Fourth Duma</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/QOP12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Questions of Principle</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LV12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Last Valve</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Liberalism%20Revisionism/ALE12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Little Explanation</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SISB12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Secretariat of the International Socialist Bureau</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CAQ12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Cadets and the Agrarian Question</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TCE12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Talk on "Cadet-Eating"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/IPLW12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Illegal Party and Legal Work</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SSSBV12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Social Significance of the Serbo-Bulgarian Victories</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/liquidationism%20Unity/VQ12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The "Vexed Questions" of Our Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> The "Liquidationist" and "National" Questions </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Iskra%20press/WAP12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Workers and Pravda</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DBLP12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Debates in Britain on Liberal Labour Policy</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PRPSD12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Platform of the Reformists and the Platform of the Revolutionary Social-Democrats</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CSWD12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Concerning Certain Speeches by Workers' Deputies</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CWDD12.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Concerning the Workers' Deputies to the Duma and Their Declaration</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1913--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RCM13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Notification and Resolutions of the Cracow Meeting of the Central Committee of the R.S.D.L.P. and Party Functionaries</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SPSD13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Split Among the Polish Social-Democrats</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OB13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On Bolshevism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RE13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Results of the Elections</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ET13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Experience Teaches</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RN13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Russians and Negroes</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Narodniks/WGAN13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">What Goes on Among the Narodniks and What Goes on in the Countryside</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Liberalism%20Revisionism/AID13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">An Increasing Discrepancy</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HDKM13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Historical Destiny of the Doctrine of Karl Marx</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SSS13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A "Scientific" System of Sweating</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CPM13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/BWBC13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Balkan War and Bourgeois Chauvinism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HAC13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Helplessness and Confusion</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HQ13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Harry Quelch</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MR13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Marxism and Reformism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/liquidationism%20Unity/VZDL13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">How Vera Zasulich Demolishes Liquidationism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RCC13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Resolutions of the Summer, 1913, Joint Conference of the Central Committee of the R.S.D.L.P. and Party Officials</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/D13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Declaration</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DS13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Duma "Seven"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MCDG13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Material on the Conflict Within the Social-Democratic Duma Group</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CNA13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">"Cultural-National" Autonomy</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/GRBS13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Good Resolution and a Bad Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NP13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The National Program of the R.S.D.L.P.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TMG13v35n55.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To Maxim Gorky</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [November 13 or 14, 1913]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/marxism%20reformism.htm" style="color: #333399; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;">Marxism and Reformism</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SR13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Strikes in Russia</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CRNQ13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Critical Remarks on the National Question</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ISBL13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Once More About the International Socialist Bureau and the Liquidators</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NLRN13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">National-Liberalism and the Right of Nations to Self-Determination</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NLDE13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Narodism and Liquidationism, as Disintegrating Elements in the Working-Class Movement</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CKL13.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Comment on Kautsky's Letter</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2819890919646080071.post-112253511797137632017-03-27T19:40:00.003-07:002017-03-27T19:40:37.097-07:00Works 1918 - 1923<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1918--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DRWP18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Declaration of Rights of the Working and Exploited People</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PFAW18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">People from Another World</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HUP18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the History of the Question of the Unfortunate Peace</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [Often cited as the "Theses on the Question of the Immediate Conclusion of a Separate and Annexationist Peace"]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TCS18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Third All-Russia Congress of Soviets of Workers' Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/IRG18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Instructions to the Red Guard H.Q.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MPPS18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Meeting of Presidium of the Petrograd Soviet with Delegates from Food Supply Organizations</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RP18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Revolutionary Phrase</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SM18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Strange and Monstrous</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SLSR18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Serious Lesson and a Serious Responsibility</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ESC18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Extraordinary Seventh Congress of the R.C.P.(B.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CTOD18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Chief Task of Our Day</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SMSD18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> in the </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Moscow</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Soviet of Workers', Peasants' and Red Army Deputies, [March 12, 1918</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FCS18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Extraordinary Fourth All-Russia Congress of Soviets</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CLC18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Comment on the Behaviour of the "Left Communists"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CDRT18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Concerning the Decree on Revolutionary Tribunals</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PAS18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Preface to the Collected Articles Against the Stream</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TBP18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Theses on Banking Policy</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SMS18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> in the </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Moscow</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Soviet of Workers', Peasants' and Red Army Deputies, [April 23, 1918</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">] </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/IT18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Immediate Tasks of the Soviet Government</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SAR18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Session of the All-Russia C.E.C.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/STIT18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Six Theses on the Immediate Tasks of the Soviet Government</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Left%20wing%20childishness/LWC18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">"Left-Wing" Childishness and the Petty-Bourgeois Mentality</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RFP18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Report on Foreign Policy Delivered at a Joint Meeting of the All-Russia Central Executive Committee and the Moscow Soviet</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/JSMS18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Joint Session of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Moscow Soviet of Workers', Peasants' and Red Army Deputies and the Trade Unions</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PW18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Prophectic Words</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LAW18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to American Workers</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RCEC18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Resolution Adopted at a Joint Session of the All-Russia Central Executive Committee, the Moscow Soviet, Factory Committees and Trade Unions</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SARC18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Extraordinary Sixth All-Russia Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants' Cossacks' and Red Army Deputies</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (81k)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SMME18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> at the Unveiling of a Memorial to Marx and Engels </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DPPC18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> at a Meeting of Delegates from the Poor Peasants' Committees of the </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Central Gubernias</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/VAPS18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Valuable Admissions of Pitirim Sorokin</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SMWC18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Delivered to a Meeting of Delegates from the </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Moscow Central Workers' Co-operative </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MPWM18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Moscow Party Workers' Meeting</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RK18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (P) (286k)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SPPC18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> to the First All-Russia Congress of Land Departments, Poor Peasants' Committees and Communes (P) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SFCE18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> at the First All-Russia Congress on Education</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SPDW18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> at Presnya District Workers' Conference </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DD18.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">"Democracy" and Dictatorship</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1919--</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/STUC19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Report at the Second All-Russia Trade Union Congress</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LWEA19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to the Workers of Europe and America</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CMN19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Closure of the Menshevik Newspaper Undermining the Country's Defence</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FCCI19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">First Congress of the Communist International</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FCI19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Founding of the Communist International</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FCFL19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Session of the First Congress of Farm Laborers of Petrograd Gubernia</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/ADSG19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Achievements and Difficulties of the Soviet Government</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (80k)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MYS19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> in Memory of Y. M. Sverdlov at a Special Session of the All-Russia Central Executive Committee</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DP19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Draft Programme of the R.C.P.(B.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">.) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/EC19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Eighth Congress of the R.C.P.(B</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">.) (213k)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Wireless Message of <a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/GHSR19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; text-decoration: none;">Greeting to the Government of the Hungarian Soviet Republic</span></a>, </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">March 22, 1919</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RBS19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Reply to an Open Letter by a Bourgeois Specialist</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CK19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the Candidacy of M. I. Kalinin for the Post of Chairman of the All-Russia Central Executive Committee</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SGR19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speeches</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> on Gramophone Records</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/AREC19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Telephone Message to the All-Russia Extraordinary Commission</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">April 1, 1919</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/EPMM19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Extraordinary Plenary Meeting of the Moscow Soviet of Workers' and Red Army Deputies</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">April 3, 1919 </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TIPH19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Third International and Its Place in History</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FCAE19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">First All-Russian Congress on Adult Education</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FDPS19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Foreword</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> to the Published Speech "On Deceiving the People with Slogans About </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Liberty</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> and Equality"</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/GHW19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Greetings to the Hungarian Workers</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HBI19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Heroes of the Berne International</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/GB19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Great Beginning</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FAD19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">All Out for the Fight Against Denikin!</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TS19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The State</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (P) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TTI19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Tasks of the Third International</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FWS19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Food and War Situation</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SWSC19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> at the First All-Russian Congress of Workers in Education and Socialist Culture</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SQ19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">In the Servants' Quarters</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SNPC19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> at a Non-Party Conference of Workers and Men of the Red Army, </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">August 6, 1919</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TCSL19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To Comrades Serrati and Lazzari</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LWP19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to the Workers and Peasants Apropos the Victory over Kolchak</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LSP19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to Sylvia Pankhurst</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FTG19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Freedom to Trade in Grain</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HBUR19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">How the Bourgeoisie Utilises Renegades</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TAW19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the American Workers</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/EPDP19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Economics and Politics in the Era of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SPWC19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Delivered at the First All-Russia Conference on Party Work in the Countryside</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/COPE19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Address</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> to the Second All-</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Russia Congress of Communist Organisations of the Peoples of the East </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DSRU19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Draft Resolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> of the C.C., R.C.P.(B.) on Soviet Rule in the </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Ukraine</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/EARC19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Eighth All-Russia Conference of the R.C.P.(B.)</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FCAC19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Delivered at the First Congress of Agricultural Communes and Agricultural Artels</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SARCS19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Seventh All-Russia Congress of Soviets</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (127k)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CAE19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Constituent Assembly Elections and the Dictatorship of the Proletariat</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LWPU19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to the Workers and Peasants of the Ukraine Apropos of the Victories over Denikin</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [ remarks on the national question.]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1920--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NC20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Ninth Congress of the R.C.P.(B.)</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TTUC20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Delivered at the Third All-Russia Trade Union Congress</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DOCN20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">From the Destruction of the Old Social System to the Creation of the New</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LWC20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">"Left-Wing" Communism, An Infantile Disorder</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (P) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FFS20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">From the First Subbotnik on the Moscow-Kazan Railway to the All-Russia May Day Subbotnik</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SECW20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> at an Enlarged Conference of Workers and Red Army Men in Rogozhsko-Simonovsky District of </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Moscow</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/IRA20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Indian Revolutionary Association</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LBW20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to the British Workers</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DTNCQ20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Preliminary Draft Theses on the National and the Colonial Questions</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">. For the Second Congress of the Communist International</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DTAQ20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Preliminary Draft Theses on the Agrarian Question</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">. For the Second Congress of the Communist International</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SCRW20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Delivered at the Second All-Russia Conference of Organizers Responsible for Rural Work</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MPFC20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Telephone Message to the Presidium of the All-Russia Food Conference</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/AWRA20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Aid for the Wounded of the Red Army!</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TSCI20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Theses on the Fundamental Tasks of the Second Communist International</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TACI20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Terms of Admission into the Communist International</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SCCI20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Second Congress of the Communist International</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LGFW20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to the German and the French Workers</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TYL20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Tasks of the Youth Leagues</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OPC20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On Proletarian Culture</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CRC20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Concluding Remarks at a Conference of Chairmen of Uyezd, Volost, and Village Executive Committees of Moscow Gubernia</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/QDP20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Contribution to the History of the Question of the Dictatorship</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DRTU20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Draft Resolution on "The Tasks of the Trade Unions, and the Methods of Their Accomplishment"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OFDP20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Our Foreign and Domestic Position and the Tasks of the Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SMMO20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Delivered at the Meeting of Activists of the </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Moscow Organisation of the R.C.P.(B.) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ECS20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Eighth All-Russia Congress of Soviets</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (186k)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LWPD20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to the Workers of Red Presnya District of Moscow</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TUTM20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Trade Unions, The Present Situation and Trotsky's Mistakes</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1921--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TPC21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Party Crisis</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SCM21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Second All-Russia Congress of Miners</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/galiev.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; text-decoration: none;">V. I. Lenin TO S. G. SAID-GALIEV</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PAV21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Concerning the Conditions Ensuring the Research Work of Academician I. P. Pavlov and His Associates</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TUTB21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Once Again on the Trade Unions, The Current Situation and the Mistakes of Trotsky and Bukharin</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RDTP21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Rough Draft of Theses Concerning the Peasants</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LOC21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter on Oil Concessions</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/IEP21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Integrated Economic Plan</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TC21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Tenth Congress of the R.C.P.(B</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">.)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LAAJ21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">[Letter] To A. A. Joffe</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SCTW21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Delivered at the All-Russian Congress of Transport Workers</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FSMW21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Trade Union Committee and All Workers of the First State Motor Works</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RTXK21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Report on the Tax in Kind</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">, Delivered at a Meeting of Secretaries and Responsible Representatives of the R.C.P.(B.)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RCTU21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Report on Concessions at a Meeting of the Communist Group of the All-Russia Central Council of Trade Unions</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PPTXK21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Plan of the Pamphlet The Tax in Kind</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TXK21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Tax in Kind</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TCK21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To Comrade Krzhizhanovsky, the Presidium of the State Planning Commission</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ICLD21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Instructions of the Council of Labour and Defense to Local Soviet Bodies</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TARC21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Tenth All-Russian Conference of the R.C.P.(B.)</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PCP21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Proposals On a Check-Up and Purge of the R.C.P.(B.) Membership</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TCCI21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Third Congress of the Communist International</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LGC21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Letter to the German Communists</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NTOM21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">New Times and Old Mistakes in a New Guise</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TWPI21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Tasks of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection and How They Are to Be Understood and Fulfilled</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FAOR21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Fourth Anniversary of the October Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TPED21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The New Economic Policy and the Tasks of the Political Education Departments</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SMC21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Seventh Moscow Gubernia Conference of the Russian Communist Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/GNA21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Importance of Gold Now and After the Complete Victory of Socialism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NCS21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Ninth All-Russia Congress of Soviets</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LMPB21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to Members of the Politbureau of the R.C.P.(B.) C.C.</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DRTU21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Draft Theses on the Role and Functions of the Trade Unions Under the New Economic Policy</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RFTU21.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Role and Functions of the Trade Unions Under the New Economic Policy</span></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1922--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NPAHM22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Notes of a Publicist</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">. On Ascending a High Mountain . . .</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MM22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the Significance of Militant Materialism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OP22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To Comrade Molotov</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> for the Members of the Politcal Bureau Re Comrade Preobrazhensky's Theses </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LMPM22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to Molotov</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> for the Plenary Meeting of C.C., R.C.P.(B.) with the Plan of the Political Report for the 11th Party Congress</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CNM22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Conditions for Admitting New Members to the Party</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/EC22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Eleventh Congress of the R.C.P.(B</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">.)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/QFTM22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Note to J. V. Stalin</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> With a Draft Decision for the Politbureau of the C.C., R.C.P.(B.) on the Q' of the Foreign Trade Monopoly</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LSF22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to J. V. Stalin and M. I. Frumkin</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> and the Assignment Sectretary</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/USSR22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the Establishment of the U.S.S.R.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/AFO22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Fly in the Ointment</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CDNC22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Memo</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> to the Political Bureau on Combatting Dominant Nation Chauvinism</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TTK22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Telegram</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> to K. M. Tsintsadze and S. I. Kavtaradze</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/IMG22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Interview</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Given to Michael Farman, Observer and </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Manchester Guardian Correspondent</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/IMG22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Interview</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> with Arthur Ransome, </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Manchester Guardian Correspondent</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FCCI22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Fourth Congress of the Communist International</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TCG22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Clarté Group</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SMS22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> at a Plenary Session of the </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Moscow Soviet</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MFT22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Re the Monopoly of Foreign Trade</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SFTM22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to J. V. Stalin</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> for Members of the C.C., R.C.P.(B.) Re the Foreign Trade Monopoly</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LSFTM22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to J. V. Stalin</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> for Members of the C.C., R.C.P.(B.) [re foreign trade monopoly]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LTC22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to the Congress</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [Lenin's so-called "Testament "] and Granting Legislative Functions to the State Planning Commission</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/QNA22.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Question of Nationalities or "Autonomisation"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1923--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PFD23.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Pages from a Diary</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OC23.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On Co-operation</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MWPI23.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Materials to the Article "How We Should Reorganize the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OR23.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Our Revolution</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/WPI23.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">How We Should Reorganize the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/BF23.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Better Fewer, But Better</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LLDT23.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To L. D. Trotsky</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LTCS23.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To Comrade Stalin</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LTMM23.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To P. G. Mdivavi, F. Y. Makharadze and Others</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TPA95v34n1.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To P. A. Axelrod</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [Beginning November, 1895] </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TPA95v34n2.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To P. A. Axelrod</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [Mid-November, 1895] </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TPA97v34n3.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To P. A. Axelrod</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">August 16, 1897</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TAP98v34n4.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To A. N. Potresov</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">September 2, 1898</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TAP99v34n6.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To A. N. Potresov</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">April 27, 1899</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TMG08v34n168.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To A. M. Gorky</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">February 7, 1908</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TMG08v34n170.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To A. M. Gorky</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">February 13, 1908</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Iskra%20press/ALG08.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Letter to A. M. Gorky</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">February 25, 1908] </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TMG08v34n172.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To A. M. Gorky</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [March 24, 1908]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TMG08v34n175.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To A. M. Gorky</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">April 16, 1908</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TMG08v34n176.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To A. M. Gorky</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">April 19, 1908</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">] </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TMG13v35n58.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To Maxim Gorky</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [end of November 1913]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TSS14v35n66.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To S. G. Shahumyan</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [May 19, 1914]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Record of <a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MBK19.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; text-decoration: none;">Wireless Message to Béla Kun</span></a>, March 23, 1919 </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/JLDS23.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; text-decoration: none;">Journal of Lenin's Duty Secretaries</span></a>, November 21, 1922-March</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> 6, 1923</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TGVPv34y01n11.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To G. V. Plekhanov</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [January 30]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SC04ii.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Session of the Council of the R.S.D.L.P.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (May 31 and June 5)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TGVPv34y01n20.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To G. V. Plekhanov</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [July 7]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TPAv36y01n3.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To P. A. Axelrod</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [July 9] </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TPAv34y01n23.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">P. A. Axelrod</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [July 23] </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TCC05v34n149.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Central Committee of the R.S.D.L.P.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [September 7 (New Style),</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MCCa17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Meeting of the Central Committee</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> of the R.S.D.L.P.(B.) October 10 (23), 1917</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MCCa17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Meeting of the Central Committee</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> of the R.S.D.L.P.(B.) October 16 (29), 1917</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/WMPC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Wireless Message of the Council of People's Commissars October 30 (November 12), 1917</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TIORv34y01n27.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Iskra Organisations in Russia</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [December 18]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SC04i.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Session of the Council of the R.S.D.L.P.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [January 15-17]</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2819890919646080071.post-22848172375739985532017-03-27T19:40:00.000-07:002017-03-27T19:40:09.517-07:00Works 1914 - 1917<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1914--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TCH14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To Camille Huysmans</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LCW14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Liberals' Corruption of the Workers</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LE14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to the Editor</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LTU14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Liquidators' Leader on the Liquidators' Terms of "Unity"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NPAR14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Contribution to the History of the National Programme in Austria and in Russia</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HLL14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Highborn Liberal Landlord on the "New Zemstvo Russia"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NCWW14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Narodism and the Class of Wage-Workers</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MAN14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">More About "Nationalism"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PHL14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Peasantry and Hired Labour</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SNRG14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Mr. Struve on the Need to "Reform the Government"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NM14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Narodniks on N. K. Mikhailovsky</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CB14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Concerning A. Bogdanov</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PDAL14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Political Disputes Among the Liberals</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LPTL14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The "Labouring" Peasantry and the Trade in Land</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/WIWL14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">What Is Worrying the Liberals</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NLTUM14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Narodniks and Liquidators in the Trade Union Movement (A Valuable Admission)</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PW14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Pious Wishes</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SVTW14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Objective Data on the Strength of the Various Trends in the Working-Class Movement</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LNTW14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">How Strong Is the Left-Narodnik Trend Among the Workers</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RNSD14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Right of Nations to Self-Determination</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/BIMS14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Bourgeois Intelligentsia's Methods of Struggle Against the Workers</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Iskra%20press/VVG14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Vperyodists and the Vperyod Group</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/liquidationism%20Unity/RBC14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Report of the C.C. of the R.S.D.L.P. to the Brussels Conference and Instructions to the C.C. Delegation</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HWR14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">How the Workers Responded to the Formation of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Group in the Duma</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TSDW14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Tasks of Revolutionary Social-Democracy in the European War</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/EWIS14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The European War and International Socialism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/War/WRSD14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The War and Russian Social-Democracy</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PTSI14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Position and Tasks of the Socialist International</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/KM14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Karl Marx</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (A Brief Biographical Sketch with an Exposition of Marxism) (P)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/GVW14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A German Voice on the War</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NPGR14.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the National Pride of the Great Russians</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1915--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/WN15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">What Next?</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/KULP15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Kind of 'Unity' Larin Proclaimed at the Swedish Congress</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/UFF15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Under a False Flag</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CGA15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Conference of the R.S.D.L.P. Groups Abroad</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TSDD15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">What Has Been Revealed by the Trial of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Duma Group</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CSI15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Collapse of the Second International</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/BPDT15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">British Pacifism and the British Dislike of Theory</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SW15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Socialism and War</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (P)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/USE15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the Slogan of a United States of Europe</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DRZL15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Draft Resolution Proposed by the Left Wing at Zimmerwald</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/VHFS15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Voice of an Honest French Socialist</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ISI15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Imperialism and Socialism in Italy</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TFS15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The First Step</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ST15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Several Theses</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">. Proposed by the Editors</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RPSD15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Revolutionary Proletariat and the Right of Nations to Self-Determination</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TLR15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the Two Lines of the Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/UL15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">At the Uttermost Limit</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/QD15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the Question of Dialectics</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LSPL15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to the Secretary of the Socialist Propaganda League</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SCP15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Social-Chauvinist Policy Behind a Cover of Internationalist Phrases</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OCSI15a.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Opportunism, and the Collapse of the Second International</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">New Data on the Laws Governing the Development of Capitalism in Agriculture. Part One. <a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ND15.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; text-decoration: none;">Capitalism and Agriculture in the United States of America</span></a> (270k)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OCSI15b.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Opportunism and the Collapse of the Second International</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1916--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SIMB16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Delivered at an International Meeting in </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Berne</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SRSD16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Socialist Revolution and the Right of Nations to Self-Determination (Thesis</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/IMP16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Imperialism, The Highest Stage of Capitalism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (P) (*)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/JP16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Junius Pamphlet</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SD16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Discussion of Self-Determination Summed Up</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NT16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Nascent Trend of Imperialist Economism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/K16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Reply</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> to P. Kievsky (Y. Pyatakov)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CM16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Caricature of Marxism and Imperialist Economism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MPPR16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Military Programme of the Proletarian Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DS16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The "Disarmament" Slogan</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ISS16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Imperialism and the Split in Socialism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SSSD16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speech</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> at the Congress of the Social-Democratic Party of </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Switzerland, </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">November 4, 1916</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ASP16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Separate Peace</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TLZ16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Tasks of the Left Zimmerwaldists in the Swiss Social-Democratic Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TSPW16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Theses on the Attitude of the Swiss Social-Democratic Party Towards the War</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PWI16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Principles Involved in the War Issue</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DFI16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the Defence of the Fatherland Issue</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Youth/YI16.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Youth International</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1917--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/BPSP17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Bourgeois Pacifism and Socialist Pacifism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (P)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OLBS17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">An Open Letter to Boris Souvarine</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/international/AISC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Theses for an Appeal to the International Socialist Committee and All Socialist Parties</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OLCN17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">An Open Letter to Charles Naine</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/workers%20%20wrking%20class/WWSS17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Workers Who Support the Struggle Against the War and Against the Socialists Who Have Sided with Their Governments</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LOFR17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Lecture on the 1905 Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TBTG17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Twelve Brief Theses on H. Greulich's Defence of Fatherland Defence</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TWP17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Turn in World Politics</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SAS17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Sociology and Statistics</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DT17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Draft Thesis</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/IRM17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Imaginary or Real Marsh?</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PARW17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Proposed Amendments to the Resolution on the War Issue</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SPLSP17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Story of One Short Period in the Life of One Socialist Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LFA17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letters from Afar</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TPRR17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Tasks of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party in the Russian Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TRC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Tricks of the Republican Chauvinists</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FLSW17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Farewell Letter to Swiss Workers</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TPPR17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Tasks of the Proletariat in the Present Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [Lenin's "April Theses"]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LOT17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Blancism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TPOR17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Dual Power</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LOT17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letters On Tactics</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TPOR17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Tasks of the Proletariat in Our Revolution</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PCC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Petrograd City Conference of the R.S.D.L.P.(B </span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">.) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ASBC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Appeal to the Soldiers of All the Belligerent Countries</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SARC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Seventh (April) All-Russia Conference of the R.S.D.L.P.(B.)</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/War/WR17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">War and Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OUSL17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the "Unauthorised Seizure" of Land</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MRPP17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Materials Relating to the Revision of the Party Programme</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FCPD17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">First All-Russia Congress of Peasant Deputies</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/AQP17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Question of Principle</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FCS17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">First All-Russia Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FPRR17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Foreign Policy of the Russian Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Three Crises</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TPS17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Political Situation</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OS17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On Slogans</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CI17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Constitutional Illusions</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Liberalism%20Revisionism/AA17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">An Answer</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LR17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Lessons of the Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FPDPW17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">From a Publicist's Diary</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">. Peasants and Workers </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FPDPW17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">From a Publicist's Diary</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CPP17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Concerning the Party Program</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OZ17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On Zimmerwald</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PPS17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Draft Resolution on the Present Political Situation</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/IC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Impending Catastrophe and How to Combat It</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FQR17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">One of the Fundamental Questions of the Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SR17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The State and Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (P)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/BMAP17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Bolsheviks Must Assume Power</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MI17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Marxism and Insurrection</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RRCW17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Russian Revolution and Civil War</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HFMB17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Heroes of Fraud and the Mistakes of the Bolsheviks</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PDMP17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">From a Publicist's Diary</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">. The Mistakes of Our Party</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TTR17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Tasks of the Revolution</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CHM17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Crisis Has Matured</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RSP17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RPP17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Revision of the Party Programme</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/tactics/AO17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Advice of an Onlooker</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LBC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to the Bolshevik Comrades</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Attending the Congress of Soviets of the Northern Region</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to Comrades</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LPM17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to Bolshevik Party Members</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TPI17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Tasks of Our Party in the International</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LCC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to the Central Committee of the R.S.D.L.P.(B</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">.) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MPS17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Meeting of the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SCS17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Second All-Russia Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DRWC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Draft Regulations on Workers' Control</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CPG17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Conference of Regimental Delegates of the Petrograd Garrison</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SCC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Speeches at a Meeting of the Central Committee</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> of the R.S.D.L.P., November 1 (14), 1917</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RCC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Resolution of the Central Committee</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> of the R.S.D.L.P. on the Opposition within the Central Committee, November 2 (15), 1917</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/UCC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Ultimatum from the Majority of the Central Committee</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> of the R.S.D.L.P. to the Minority</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DRFP17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Draft Resolution on Freedom of the Press</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MCEC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Meeting of the All-Russia Central Executive Committee</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FCCb17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">From the Central Committee</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FCCb17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">From the Central Committee</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FCOFN17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Fear of the Collapse of the Old and the Fight for the New</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HOC17.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">How to Organise Competition?</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2819890919646080071.post-10588189374685098672017-03-27T19:37:00.001-07:002017-03-27T19:37:26.939-07:00Works by Date 1893 - 1904<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">1893</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NED93.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; text-decoration: none;">New Economic Developments in Peasant Life</span></a> (On V. Y. Postnikov's Peasant Farming in </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">South Russia</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> )</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MQ93.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the So-Called Market Question</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1894--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FP94NB.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; text-decoration: none;">What the "Friends of the People" Are</span></a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ECN94.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Economic Content of Narodism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1895--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FE95.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Frederick Engels</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ELF95.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Explanation of the Law on Fines Imposed on Factory Workers</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/GFCG95.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Gymnasium Farms and Corrective Gymnasia</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/workers%20%20wrking%20class/WTF95.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Working Men and Women of the Thornton Factory</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DEP95.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Draft and Explanation of a Programme of the Social-Democratic Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1896--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TG96.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Tsarist Government</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1897--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ER97.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Characterisation of Economic Romanticism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NFL97.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The New Factory Law</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/ACNA97.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">About a Certain Newspaper Article</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TRSD97.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Tasks of the Russian Social-Democrats</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HC97.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Handicraft Census of 1894-95 in Perm Gubernia and General Problems of "Handicraft" Industry</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/GNPM97.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Gems of Narodnik Project-Mongering</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> )</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HWR97.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Heritage We Renounce</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1898--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/QOFS98.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the Question of Our Factory Statistics</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RB98.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Review</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> -- A. Bogdanov. A Short Course of Economic Science</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MT98.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Note on the Question of the Market Theory</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1899--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DCR99tc.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Development of Capitalism in Russia</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"><br /><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TAP99v34n5.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; text-decoration: none;">To A. N. Potresov</span></a> [January 26, 1899</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RP99.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Review</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> -- Parvus. The World Market and the Agricultural Crisis</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RG99.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Review</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> -- R. Gvozdev. Kulak Usury, Its Social and Economic Significance (</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RCIR99.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Review</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> -- A. A. Blau, ed., Commercial and Industrial </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Russia </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TR99.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Once More on the Theory of Realization</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Agrarian%20Question%20%20and%20critique%20of%20Marx/AQ99.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Review</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> -- Karl Kautsky. Die Agrarfrage [The Agrarian Question ]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RH99.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Review</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> -- Hobson. The Evolution of Modern Capitalism</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CA99.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Capitalism in Agriculture</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PRSD99.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Protest by Russian Social-Democrats</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/KBSD99.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Review</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> -- Karl Kautsky. Bernstein und das sozialdemokratische. Eine Antikritik [Bernstein and the Social-Democratic Programme. A Counter-Critique.]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Iskra%20press/ARG99.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Articles for "Rabochaya Gazeta "</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> [includes the text of "Our Programme"] </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DPOP99.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Draft Programme of Our Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RTRSD99.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Retrograde Trend in Russian Social-Democracy</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PF99.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Apropos of the Profession de foi</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FC99.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Factory Courts</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OS99.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On Strikes</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1900--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/UC00.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Uncritical Criticism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DDIZ00.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Draft of a Declaration of the Editorial Board of Iskra and Zarya</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SNE00.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">How the "Spark" Was Nearly Extinguished</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DEBI00.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Declaration of the Editorial Board of Iskra</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PMDK00.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Preface to the Pamphlet, May Days in Kharov</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/UT00.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Urgent Tasks of Our Movement</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1901--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CN01.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Casual Notes</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DSA01.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Drafting of 183 Students into the Army</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/WPP01.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Workers' Party and the Peasantry</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/WTB01.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Where to Begin?</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Massacre/AM01.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Another Massacre</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/HL01.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Persecutors of the Zemstvo and the Hannibals of Liberalism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SOAW01.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Serf-Owners at Work</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Agrarian%20Question%20%20and%20critique%20of%20Marx/AQCM01.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Agrarian Question and the "Critics of Marx"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"><br /><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RHA01.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; text-decoration: none;">Review of Home Affairs</span></a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TDE01.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Talk with Defenders of Economism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1902--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/....." style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Concerning the State Budget</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (....k)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/....." style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Political Agitation and "The Class Point of View"</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (...k)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/WD02NB.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">What Is To Be Done?</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (P)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/MPP02.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Material for the Preparation of the Programme</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SB02.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Signs of Bankruptcy</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/FELR02.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">From the Economic Life of Russia</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RIEB02.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Report of the Iskra Editorial Board to the Meeting (Conference) of R.S.D.L.P. Committees</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Agrarian%20Program/APSD02.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Agrarian Programme of Russian Social-Democracy</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OBG02.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the Borba Group</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RA02.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Revolutionary Adventurism</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/DNLS02.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Draft of a New Law on Strikes</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> )</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LC02.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Letter to a Comrade on Our Organizational Tasks</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PSPC02.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Political Struggle and Political Chicanery</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CD02.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Concerning Demonstrations</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Narodniks/VSN02.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Vulgar Socialism and Narodism as Resurrected by the Socialist-Revolutionaries</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/BTASR02.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Basic Thesis Against the Socialist-Revolutionaries</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OSG02.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">On the Svoboda Group</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1903--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SXBC03.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Mr. Struve Exposed by His Colleague</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> )</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TRP03.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Rural Poor</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RCDP03.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Reply to Criticism of Our Draft Programme</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/NQP03.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The National Question in Our Programme</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SC03.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Second Congress of the R.S.D.L.P.</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SCL03.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Second Congress of the League of Russian Revolutionary Social-Democracy Abroad</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LI03.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to Iskra</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LEI03.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Why I Resigned from the Iskra Editorial Board</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">. A Letter to the Editors of "Iskra"</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TEI03v34n86.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Editors of Iskra</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 20px;">1904--</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/TIEB04v34n90.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Iskra Editorial Board</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PLC04.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Preface</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> to the Pamphlet A Letter to a Comrade on Our Organisational Tasks</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/PSLC04.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Postscript</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> to the Pamphlet A Letter to a Comrade on Our Organisational Tasks</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/TTPM04.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Party Membership</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/TTP04i.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/CRI04.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Circumstances of Resignation from the Iskra Editorial Board</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/OSF04NB.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">One Step Forward, Two Steps Back</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> (The Crisis in Our Party )</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/LMCC04.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Letter to the Members of the Central Committee</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/STM04.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Statement By Three Members of the Central Committee</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/TTP04ii.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/WWWF04.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">What Are We Working For (To the Party)</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/TTP04iii.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">To the Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">One Step Forward, Two Steps Back. <a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/RR04.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; text-decoration: none;">Reply by N. Lenin to Rosa Luxemburg</span></a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Party%20and%20soviets/ZC04.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">The Zemstvo Campaign and "Iskra's" Plan</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/Iskra%20press/ALC04.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">A Letter to the Comrades</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://marxism.halkcephesi.net/Lenin/SDBCI04.html" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue;"><span style="color: #330099; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: none;">Statement and Documents on the Break of the Central Institutions With the Party</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>
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